Quasi-classical asymptotics for functions of Wiener-Hopf operators: smooth versus non-smooth symbols (Q2364143)

Recall that, for a separable Hilbert space \(\mathcal{H}\), the Schatten-von Neumann ideal \(\mathcal{G}_q\), \(q>0\), consists of all compact operators \(A \in \mathcal{K}(\mathcal{H})\) such that \[ \|A\|_q := \left[ \sum_{k=1}^\infty s_k(A)^q\right]^{\frac1q} < \infty, \] where \(s_k(A)\) denote the eigenvalues of the operator \(|A|:=\sqrt{A^* A}\). Let \(\Lambda \subseteq \mathbb{R}^d\), \(d \geq 2\), be a Lipschitz region such that either \(\Lambda\) or \(\mathbb{R}^d \setminus \Lambda\) is buonded. The present paper is devoted to the study of (bounded, self-adjoint) Wiener-Hopf operators of the form \[ W_\alpha(a; \Lambda) = \chi_\Lambda Op_\alpha(a) \chi_\Lambda, \] where \(\chi_\Lambda\) is the indicator function and \(\mathrm{Op}_\alpha(a)\) is the \(\alpha\)-pseudodifferential operator defined as \(\mathrm{Op}_\alpha(a)u (x) = \frac{\alpha^d}{(2\pi)^d} \iint e^{i \alpha \xi \cdot (x-y)} a(\xi) u(y)\, dy\, d\xi\), \(x \in \mathbb{R}^d\). The author is interested in the asymptotics (as \(\alpha \rightarrow \infty\)) of the trace of the following operator difference \[ D_\alpha(a, \Lambda; f):= \chi_\Lambda f(W_\alpha(a; \Lambda)) \chi_\Lambda - W_\alpha(f \circ a; \Lambda), \] for a suitable function \(f\).\smallskip One of the main results of the paper states that, if \(a_{T, \Omega} \in C^\infty(\mathbb{R}^d)\) is a real valued symbol depending on the parameter \(0<T\lesssim 1\) and some suitable set \(\Omega \subseteq \mathbb{R}^d\), \(\alpha \gtrsim 1\), \(\gamma >1\), for a function \(f \in C^2(\mathbb{R}\setminus \{t_0\}) \cap C(\mathbb{R})\) satisfying suitable condition depending on \(\gamma\) and \(R>0\), and \(\beta> \max\{d, d \gamma^{-1}\}\), then for any \(\sigma \in (d \beta^{-1}, \min\{\gamma, 1\})\) one has \[ \|D_\alpha(a_{T, \Omega}, \Lambda; f)\|_1 \lesssim R^{\gamma - \sigma} \alpha^{d-1} \log \left( \min\left\{\alpha, \frac1T\right\}+1\right) \cdot \max_{0 \leq k \leq 2} \sup_{t \not = t_0} |f^{(k)}(t)| |t-t_0|^{-\gamma +k}. \] Another main result describes the asymptotics of \(D_\alpha(a_{T, \Omega}, \Lambda; f)\) (Theorem 2.7).\smallskip The motivation comes from the analysis of large-scale behaviour of the spatially bipartite entanglement entropy of free fermions in thermal equilibrium. This question amounts to studying the trace of the operator \(D_\alpha(a_T , \Lambda; f)\) with a specific choice of the symbol \(a_T\) and function \(f\). The symbol is taken to be the \textit{Fermi symbol} \[ a_T(\xi):= \frac{1}{1+e^{\frac{h(\xi)-\mu}{T}}}, \quad \xi \in \mathbb{R}^d, \] where \(T>0\) is the temperature, \(\mu \in \mathbb{R}\) is the chemical potential and \(h\) is the free Hamiltonian so that the \textit{Fermi sea} \(\Omega=\{ \xi \in \mathbb{R}^d: \;h(\xi) < \mu\}\) is a bounded set. Note that \(a_T \rightarrow \chi_{\Omega}\) as \(T \rightarrow 0\) pointwise.