Fredholm theory of holomorphic discs under the perturbation of boundary conditions (Q2365057)

We prove that on any (almost) Kähler manifold \((M,\omega,J)\) and for any given compact Lagrangian submanifold \(L\subset(M,\omega)\), there exists a dense subset \(({\mathcal D}^L_\omega(M))_{\text{reg}}\) of \({\mathcal D}_\omega(M)\) such that if \(\phi\in({\mathcal D}^L_\omega(M))_{\text{reg}}\), any (not multiply-covered) holomorphic disc with boundary on \(\phi(L)\) in Fredholm-regular. Here, \({\mathcal D}_\omega(M)\) is the set of Hamiltonian (or exact) diffeomorphisms on \((M,\omega)\). Using this and Gromov's existence scheme, refined by Polterovich, of pseudo-holomorphic discs on \(\mathbb{C}^n\), we prove that for any given compact Lagrangian submanifold \(L\subset\mathbb{C}^n\) and for \(\phi\in({\mathcal D}^L_\omega(\mathbb{C}^n))_{\text{reg}}\), there exists a Fredholm-regular holomorphic (not just \(J\)-holomorphic for some \(J\)!) disc with respect to the standard complex structure on \(\mathbb{C}^n\), \(w:(D^2,\partial D^2)\to(\mathbb{C}^n,\phi(L))\) such that its Maslov index \(\mu_{\phi(L)}(w)\) satisfies \(3-n\leq \mu_{\phi(L)}(w)\leq n+1\). This is a purely complex analytic analogue of a result by Polterovich. We prove similar results under the perturbation by Lagrangian isotopies. Finally, we also develop a Fredholm theory and prove a similar perturbation result for holomorphic discs with totally real boundary conditions in an (almost) complex manifold \((M,J)\).