Distance near the origin between elements of a strongly continuous semigroup (Q2368545)

Let \((T(t))_{t>0}\) be a nontrivial strongly continuous semigroup of bounded linear operators on a Banach space with infinitesimal generator \((A,D_A)\). In the present paper, the behaviour of \(\| T(t) - T(s)\| \) for small \(s\neq t\) in the case of unbounded generator \(A\) is studied. It is shown that the function \[ \theta(s/t) = (s/t-1)(t/s)^\frac{s/t}{s/t-1},\;s>t> 0, \] is crucial for the norm estimate in this case. The main theorem says that if \((T(t))_{t>0}\) is quasinilpotent, then there exists \(\delta > 0\) such that \(\| T(t) - T(s)\| > \theta(s/t)\) for \(0 < t < s < \delta\). An example is given which shows that this estimate is sharp. The following is then proven in the general case. If there exists \(\eta>0\) and a continuous function \(t\mapsto s(t)\) on \([0,\eta]\) satisfying \(s(0)=0\), \(0<t<s(t)\), and such that \(\| T(t) - T(s(t))\| <\theta(s(t)/t)\) for \(0 < t \leq\eta\), then the generator \((A,D_A)\) is bounded.