Polar decomposition in e-rings (Q2370752)

An e-ring is a pair \((R,E)\) consisting of an associative ring \(R\) with unity \(1\) and a subset \(E \subseteq R\) of elements called effects such that (i) \(1 \in E\), (ii) if \(e \in E\), then \(1-e \in E,\) (iii) if \(e \in E^+\), then \(e = e_1 +\dots+e_n\) with \(e_1,\dots,e_n \in E\). Moreover, \(E^+\) satisfies additional conditions. A prototype of an e-ring is a couple \((B(\mathbb H), E(\mathbb H))\), where \(E(\mathbb H) =\{A \in B(\mathbb H)\mid O \leq A \leq 1\}\). The paper under review gives a necessary and sufficient condition when any element of the directed group of an e-ring admits a polar decomposition.