Decomposition as the sum of invariant functions with respect to commuting transformations (Q2373341)

Let \(A\) be a fixed nonempty set. For each \(T:A\rightarrow A,\) we may associate a shift operator, also denoted by the same symbol \(T,\) defined by \( (Tf)(x)=f(T(x))\) for \(f:A\rightarrow\mathbb R.\) We may also associate a \(T\)-difference operator \(\Delta _{T}\) defined by \((\Delta _{T}f)(x)=(Tf)(x)-f(x) \) for \(f:A\rightarrow\mathbb R.\) A function \(f:A\rightarrow\mathbb R\) is said to be \(T\)-invariant if \(\Delta _{T}f=0.\) A \((T_{1},\dots,T_{n})\)-invariant decomposition of a function \(f:A\rightarrow\mathbb R\) is a representation \[ f=f_{1}+f_{2}+\cdots +f_{n} \] where \[ \Delta _{T_{1}}f_{1}=\Delta _{T_{2}}f_{2}=\cdots =\Delta _{T_{n}}f_{n}=0. \] Clearly if \(f\) has such a representation, then for pairwise commuting mappings \(T_{1},\dots,T_{n},\) it is necessary that \[ \Delta _{T_{1}}\cdots \Delta _{T_{N}}f=0. \] In this paper, additional conditions are sought such that invariant decompositions exist. A sample result is as follows: Suppose \( T_{1},T_{2}:A\rightarrow A\) are commuting and \(\Delta _{T_{1}}\Delta T_{2}f=0.\) If for some \(x\in A\) and some positive integers \(k,n,k^{\prime },n^{\prime },\) \[ T_{1}^{k}T_{2}^{n}x=T_{1}^{k^{\prime }}T_{2}^{n^{\prime }}x\Rightarrow f(T_{1}^{k}x) =f( T^{k^{\prime }}x), \] then \(f\) is \((T_{1},T_{2})\)-invariant.