On \(\mathcal F\Phi^*\)-hypercentral subgroups of finite groups. (Q2376698)

In this review, we will consider only finite groups. A class of groups \(\mathfrak F\) closed under taking epimorphic images and subdirect products is called a \textit{formation}. A formation is said to be \textit{saturated} if it is closed under extensions by the Frattini subgroup, and \textit{solubly saturated} if it is closed under extensions by the Frattini subgroup of the largest normal soluble subgroup \(\Phi^*(G)\) of \(G\). A chief factor \(H/K\) of \(G\) is called \textit{\(\mathfrak F\)-central} if the semidirect product \((H/K)\rtimes (G/C_G(H/K))\) belongs to~\(\mathfrak F\). A chief factor \(H/K\) of \(G\) is \textit{non-Frattini} (respectively, \textit{non-solubly-Frattini}) if \(H/K\not\leq\Phi(G/K)\) (respectively, \(H/K\not\leq\Phi^*(G/K)\)). A normal subgroup \(N\) of \(G\) is \textit{\(\mathfrak F\)-hypercentral} (respectively, \textit{\(\mathfrak F\Phi\)-hypercentral}, \textit{\(\mathfrak F\Phi^*\)-hypercentral}) if \(N=1\) or \(N\neq 1\) and every (every non-Frattini, every non-solubly-Frattini) chief factor of \(G\) below \(N\) is \(\mathfrak F\)-central in \(G\). The product of all normal \(\mathfrak F\)-hypercentral (respectively, \(\mathfrak F\Phi\)-hypercentral, \(\mathfrak F\Phi^*\)-hypercentral) subgroups of \(G\) is called the \textit{\(\mathfrak F\)-hypercentre} (respectively, \textit{\(\mathfrak F\Phi\)-hypercentre}, \textit{\(\mathfrak F\Phi^*\)-hypercentre}) and is denoted by \(Z_{\mathfrak F}(G)\) (respectively, \(Z_{\mathfrak F\Phi}(G)\), \(Z_{\mathfrak F\Phi^*}(G)\)). We denote by \(F(G)\) the Fitting subgroup of \(G\) and by \(F^*(G)\) the generalised Fitting subgroup of~\(G\). The aim of the paper under review is to analyse \(\mathfrak F\Phi\)-hypercentral and \(\mathfrak F\Phi^*\)-hypercentral subgroups. Given a formation and a normal subgroup \(E\) of \(G\), a sufficient condition for \(E\) to be \(\mathfrak F\Phi^*\)-hypercentral (respectively, \(\mathfrak F\)-hypercentral) in~\(G\) is that \(F^*\) satisfies the same condition; moreover, if \(E\) is soluble and \(F(E)\) is \(\mathfrak F\Phi\)-hypercentral in \(G\), then \(E\) is also \(\mathfrak F\Phi\)-hypercentral in \(G\) (Theorem~A). If \(\mathfrak F\neq (1)\) is a formation and \(\pi=\pi(\mathfrak F)\), then \(Z_{\mathfrak F\Phi}(G)/\Phi(G)=Z_{\mathfrak F}(G/\Phi(G))\) and \(Z_{\mathfrak F\Phi}(G)=A\times B\), where \(A=O_\pi(Z_{\mathfrak F\Phi}(G))\), \(B=O_{\pi'}(\Phi(G))\) and \(A/A\cap\Phi(G)\leq Z_{\mathfrak F}(G/A\cap\Phi(G))\) (Theorem~B). In Theorem~C, a formation \(\mathfrak F\) closed under taking normal subgroups and containing all nilpotent groups is considered. Let \(E\) be a normal subgroup of \(G\) and let \(D=E\cap Z_{\mathfrak F\Phi}(G)\). If \(\mathfrak F\) is solubly saturated and \(E/E\cap Z_{\mathfrak F\Phi^*}\in\mathfrak F\), then \(E\in\mathfrak F\), hence, if \(E\leq Z_{\mathfrak F\Phi}(G)\), then \(E\in\mathfrak F\); if \(\mathfrak F\) is saturated and \(E/D\in\mathfrak F\), then \(E\in\mathfrak F\), hence, if \(E\leq Z_{\mathfrak F\Phi}(G)\), then \(E\in\mathfrak F\); and if \(\mathfrak F\) is saturated and \(\text{Soc}(E/D)\leq Z_{\mathfrak F\Phi}(E/D)\), then \(E\in\mathfrak F\). In Theorem~D it is shown that for any formation \(\mathfrak F\) we have that \(Z_{\mathfrak F\Phi}(G)\) coincides with the intersection of all \(\mathfrak F\)-abnormal maximal subgroups of~\(G\). Given a \(p\)-subgroup \(H\) of \(G\) for a prime \(p\), we say that \(H\) satisfies the \(\Phi^*\)-property in \(G\) if \(H\) is subnormally embedded in \(G\) (that is, \(H\) is a Sylow \(p\)-subgroup of a subnormal subgroup of \(G\)) and for every non-solubly-Frattini chief factor \(L/K\) of \(G\), \(|G:N_G(K(H\cap L))|\) is a power of~\(p\), and that \(H\) is \(\mathfrak F_{\Phi^*}\)-supplemented in \(G\) if for some subgroups \(T\leq G\) and \(S\leq H\), where \(S\) satisfies the \(\Phi^*\)-property in \(G\), we have that \(HT=G\) and \(H\cap T\subseteq SZ_{\mathfrak F}(T)\). In Theorem~E it is shown that if \(\mathfrak F\) is a solubly saturated formation containing all supersoluble groups and \(X\leq E\) are normal subgroups of~\(G\) with \(G/E\in\mathfrak F\), and every maximal subgroup of every non-cyclic Sylow subgroup of \(X\) is \(\mathfrak U_\Phi\)-supplemented in \(G\), and \(X\) is either \(E\) or \(F^*(E)\), then \(G\in\mathfrak F\). -- Many known results are generalised as a consequence of Theorem~E.