On F^*-hypercentral subgroups of finite groups.

\(\mathfrak F\Phi\)-hypercentral subgroups \(\mathfrak F\Phi^*\)-hypercentral subgroups chief factors finite groups Frattini subgroup generalised Fitting subgroup quasinilpotent groups saturated formations solubly saturated formations subnormal subgroups supplemented subgroups

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Finite solvable groups, theory of formations, Schunck classes, Fitting classes, (pi)-length, ranks (20D10) Special subgroups (Frattini, Fitting, etc.) (20D25) Subnormal subgroups of abstract finite groups (20D35) Products of subgroups of abstract finite groups (20D40)

Review text

In this review, we will consider only finite groups. A class of groups \(\mathfrak F\) closed under taking epimorphic images and subdirect products is called a \textit{formation}. A formation is said to be \textit{saturated} if it is closed under extensions by the Frattini subgroup, and \textit{solubly saturated} if it is closed under extensions by the Frattini subgroup of the largest normal soluble subgroup \(\Phi^*(G)\) of \(G\). A chief factor \(H/K\) of \(G\) is called \textit{\(\mathfrak F\)-central} if the semidirect product \((H/K)\rtimes (G/C_G(H/K))\) belongs to~\(\mathfrak F\). A chief factor \(H/K\) of \(G\) is \textit{non-Frattini} (respectively, \textit{non-solubly-Frattini}) if \(H/K\not\leq\Phi(G/K)\) (respectively, \(H/K\not\leq\Phi^*(G/K)\)). A normal subgroup \(N\) of \(G\) is \textit{\(\mathfrak F\)-hypercentral} (respectively, \textit{\(\mathfrak F\Phi\)-hypercentral}, \textit{\(\mathfrak F\Phi^*\)-hypercentral}) if \(N=1\) or \(N\neq 1\) and every (every non-Frattini, every non-solubly-Frattini) chief factor of \(G\) below \(N\) is \(\mathfrak F\)-central in \(G\). The product of all normal \(\mathfrak F\)-hypercentral (respectively, \(\mathfrak F\Phi\)-hypercentral, \(\mathfrak F\Phi^*\)-hypercentral) subgroups of \(G\) is called the \textit{\(\mathfrak F\)-hypercentre} (respectively, \textit{\(\mathfrak F\Phi\)-hypercentre}, \textit{\(\mathfrak F\Phi^*\)-hypercentre}) and is denoted by \(Z_{\mathfrak F}(G)\) (respectively, \(Z_{\mathfrak F\Phi}(G)\), \(Z_{\mathfrak F\Phi^*}(G)\)). We denote by \(F(G)\) the Fitting subgroup of \(G\) and by \(F^*(G)\) the generalised Fitting subgroup of~\(G\). The aim of the paper under review is to analyse \(\mathfrak F\Phi\)-hypercentral and \(\mathfrak F\Phi^*\)-hypercentral subgroups. Given a formation and a normal subgroup \(E\) of \(G\), a sufficient condition for \(E\) to be \(\mathfrak F\Phi^*\)-hypercentral (respectively, \(\mathfrak F\)-hypercentral) in~\(G\) is that \(F^*\) satisfies the same condition; moreover, if \(E\) is soluble and \(F(E)\) is \(\mathfrak F\Phi\)-hypercentral in \(G\), then \(E\) is also \(\mathfrak F\Phi\)-hypercentral in \(G\) (Theorem~A). If \(\mathfrak F\neq (1)\) is a formation and \(\pi=\pi(\mathfrak F)\), then \(Z_{\mathfrak F\Phi}(G)/\Phi(G)=Z_{\mathfrak F}(G/\Phi(G))\) and \(Z_{\mathfrak F\Phi}(G)=A\times B\), where \(A=O_\pi(Z_{\mathfrak F\Phi}(G))\), \(B=O_{\pi'}(\Phi(G))\) and \(A/A\cap\Phi(G)\leq Z_{\mathfrak F}(G/A\cap\Phi(G))\) (Theorem~B). In Theorem~C, a formation \(\mathfrak F\) closed under taking normal subgroups and containing all nilpotent groups is considered. Let \(E\) be a normal subgroup of \(G\) and let \(D=E\cap Z_{\mathfrak F\Phi}(G)\). If \(\mathfrak F\) is solubly saturated and \(E/E\cap Z_{\mathfrak F\Phi^*}\in\mathfrak F\), then \(E\in\mathfrak F\), hence, if \(E\leq Z_{\mathfrak F\Phi}(G)\), then \(E\in\mathfrak F\); if \(\mathfrak F\) is saturated and \(E/D\in\mathfrak F\), then \(E\in\mathfrak F\), hence, if \(E\leq Z_{\mathfrak F\Phi}(G)\), then \(E\in\mathfrak F\); and if \(\mathfrak F\) is saturated and \(\text{Soc}(E/D)\leq Z_{\mathfrak F\Phi}(E/D)\), then \(E\in\mathfrak F\). In Theorem~D it is shown that for any formation \(\mathfrak F\) we have that \(Z_{\mathfrak F\Phi}(G)\) coincides with the intersection of all \(\mathfrak F\)-abnormal maximal subgroups of~\(G\). Given a \(p\)-subgroup \(H\) of \(G\) for a prime \(p\), we say that \(H\) satisfies the \(\Phi^*\)-property in \(G\) if \(H\) is subnormally embedded in \(G\) (that is, \(H\) is a Sylow \(p\)-subgroup of a subnormal subgroup of \(G\)) and for every non-solubly-Frattini chief factor \(L/K\) of \(G\), \(|G:N_G(K(H\cap L))|\) is a power of~\(p\), and that \(H\) is \(\mathfrak F_{\Phi^*}\)-supplemented in \(G\) if for some subgroups \(T\leq G\) and \(S\leq H\), where \(S\) satisfies the \(\Phi^*\)-property in \(G\), we have that \(HT=G\) and \(H\cap T\subseteq SZ_{\mathfrak F}(T)\). In Theorem~E it is shown that if \(\mathfrak F\) is a solubly saturated formation containing all supersoluble groups and \(X\leq E\) are normal subgroups of~\(G\) with \(G/E\in\mathfrak F\), and every maximal subgroup of every non-cyclic Sylow subgroup of \(X\) is \(\mathfrak U_\Phi\)-supplemented in \(G\), and \(X\) is either \(E\) or \(F^*(E)\), then \(G\in\mathfrak F\). -- Many known results are generalised as a consequence of Theorem~E.

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