Bounding \(S(t)\) and \(S_1(t)\) on the Riemann hypothesis (Q2376882)

We quote the authors' perfect abstract: ``Let \(\pi S(t)\) denote the argument of the Riemann zeta-function, \(\zeta(s)\), at the point \(s={1\over 2}+it\). Assuming the Riemann hypothesis, we present two proofs of the bound \[ |S(t)|\leq \left({1\over 4}+o(1)\right){{\log t}\over {\log \log t}} \] for large \(t\). This improves a result of \textit{D. A. Goldston} and \textit{S. M. Gonek} [Bull. Lond. Math. Soc. 39, No. 3, 482--486 (2007; Zbl 1127.11058)] by a factor of \(2\). The first method consists of bounding the auxiliary function \(S_1(t)=\int_{0}^{t}S(u)\,du\) using extremal functions constructed by \textit{E. Carneiro} et al. [Trans. Am. Math. Soc. 365, No. 7, 3493--3534 (2013; Zbl 1276.41018)]. We then relate the size of \(S(t)\) to the size of the functions \(S_1(t\pm h)-S_1(t)\) when \(h\asymp 1/\log \log t\). The alternative approach bounds \(S(t)\) directly, relying on the solution of the Beurling--Selberg extremal problem for the odd function \(f(x)=\arctan\left({1\over x}\right)-{x\over {1+x^2}}\). This draws upon recent work by \textit{E. Carneiro} and \textit{F. Littmann} [Constr. Approx. 38, No. 1, 19--57 (2013; Zbl 1280.41018)].''