The problem of general center-focus and bifurcation of limit cycles for a planar system of nine degrees (Q2378278)

This paper considers the system \[ \begin{aligned} {dx\over d\tau} &=-(x\delta+ y)(x^2+ y^2)^4- P_8(x, y),\\ {dy\over d\tau} &=(x- y\delta)(x^2+ y^2)^4+ Q_8(x,y),\end{aligned}\tag{1} \] where \(P_8\), \(Q_8\) are a polynomial of degree \(8\). This system has three singular points of center-focus type \((-{1\over 2}, 0)\), \((-{1\over 2},{1\over 2})\), \((-{1\over 2},-{1\over 2})\) in the finite part of plane. Bendixson change of variables \[ u= {x\over x^2+ y^2},\quad v= {y\over x^2+ y^2} \] and time substitution \(dt= 4(x^2+ y^2)d\tau\) transform the system (1) into a system with four singular points \((0, 0)\), \((-2, 0)\), \((-1,1)\), \((1,-1)\) of center-focus type. Let \(f_k\), \(k= 1,2,\dots\), be the focal values of the origin of the transformed system with \(\delta= 0\). Let \(J\) be the ideal \(J=\langle f_1,f_2,\dots, f_k,\dots\rangle\), let \(J_4=\langle f_1, f_2,f_3,f_4\rangle\). The radicals \(\sqrt{J}\) and \(\sqrt{J_4}\) are computed with tools of computer algebra, using Gröbner basis. By means of the radical \(\sqrt{J_4}\), this paper proves the existence of systems (1) with five limit cycles around all singular points \((-{1\over 2},0)\), \((-{1\over 2},{1\over 2})\), \((-{1\over 2}, -{1\over 2})\) and five large limit cycles in the neighborhood of infinity, that is, systems (1) with \(20\) limit cycles.