Complex strongly hyperbolic \(4 \times 4\) systems, reduced dimension and Hermitian systems (Q2386015)

Assume that \(E\) is a real vector space, \(\dim E=n+1\), \(F\) is a complex vector space, \(\dim F=m\) and \(a\) is an \(\mathbb R\)-linear map from \(E\) into \({\mathcal L}(F,F)\) considered as a real vector space. The author defines the reduced dimension of \(a\), namely \(d\), and supposes that \(a\) is a complex-valued \(4\times 4\) (i.e. \(m=4)\) strongly hyperbolic operator. Then he proves that \(a\) is Hermitian in a convenient basis. More precisely, \(a({\mathcal D})=I{\mathcal D}_0+a({\mathcal D}')\), and the real reduced dimension \(d\) is the real dimension of the following vector space of the matrices: \[ \left\{\xi_0I+\sum_{1\leq k\leq n}(\text{Re}\,a_k +i\,\text{Im}\,a_k)\xi_k;\;\xi=(\xi_0,\xi')\in\mathbb{R}^{n+1}\right\}. \] Under the condition \(d\geq 13\) the existence of a complex invertible matrix \(T\) such that \(T^{-1}a(\xi)T\) is Hermitian, for all \(\xi\) it is shown.