Symplectomorphism groups and isotropic skeletons (Q2388842)

A finite set \(\Gamma=\{\gamma_i\}\) of simple, transversally intersecting parametrized curves on a surface \(X\) fills if \(X\setminus\{\gamma_i\}\) consists solely of discs. Endow \(X\) with a symplectic structure \(\omega\), and denote by \(\mathcal{S}_\Gamma\) the orbit of \(\Gamma\) under the action of the symplectomorphism group \(\mathcal{S}\). The following classical result is known: the orbit map \(\mathcal{S}\to \mathcal{S}_\Gamma\) is a homotopy equivalence. In this paper the author proves a 4-dimensional analog of this statement. Paul Biran recently showed that every Kähler manifold \(M\) whose symplectic form lies in a rational cohomology class admits a decomposition \(M=L\sqcup E\), where \(L\) is an embedded, isotropic cell complex and \(E\) is a symplectic disc bundle over a hypersurface \(\Sigma\). \(L\) is called an isotropic skeleton of \(M\). This decomposition is regarded as the 4-dimensional analog of the filling system of curves. Let \((M,\omega)\) be a symplectic 4-manifold with the decomposition \((L, E\to \Sigma)\) such that \(L\to M\) is a smooth Lagrangian submanifold of \(M\) and let \(\mathcal{S}(M)\) denote the symplectomorphisms group of \((M,\omega)\). Let \(\mathcal{L}^{sm}\) denote the Lagrangian embeddings of \(\phi:L \to M\) which extend to symplectomorphisms of \(M\). Let \(\mathcal{LE}^{sm}\) denote the space of pairs \((\psi,S)\) where \(\psi \in \mathcal{L}^{sm}\) and \(S\) is a symplectic embedded unparametrized surface which is abstractly symplectomorphic to \(\Sigma\) and disjoint from \(\psi(L)\). Let \(\mathcal{E}mb_\omega (\Sigma,E)\) denote the space of unparametrized embedded symplectic surfaces \(S\) in \(E\subset M\) such that \(\omega[S]=\omega[\Sigma]\). Theorem 1. (The main theorem) Let \((M,\omega)\) be a symplectic 4-manifold with Biran decomposition \((L, E\to \Sigma)\) such that \(L\to M\) is a smooth Lagrangian submanifold. Then \(\mathcal{S}(M)\) is homotopy equivalent to \(\mathcal{LE}^{sm}\). Moreover there is a fibration \(\mathcal{LE}^{sm}\to \mathcal{L}^{sm}\) whose fiber is homotopy equivalent to \(\mathcal{E}mb_\omega (\Sigma,E)\). When \(\Sigma\) has genus 0, \(\mathcal{E}mb_\omega (\Sigma,E)\) is contractible and thus \(\mathcal{S}(M)\) is homotopy equivalent to \(\mathcal{L}^{sm}\). Theorem 2. The space of Lagrangian embeddings of \(\mathbb{RP}^2\to \mathbb{CP}^2\) isotopic to the standard one is homotopy equivalent to \(\mathbb{PU}(3)\). Theorem 3. Let \(\omega\) be a symplectic form on \(S^2\times S^2\) such that \(\omega[S^2\times pt]=\omega[pt\times S^2]\), then the space of Lagrangian embeddings \(S^2 \to S^2\times S^2\) isotopic to the anti-diagonal is homotopy equivalent to \(\text{SO}(3)\times \text{SO}(3)\).