Pseudo-abelian integrals on slow-fast Darboux systems (Q2391383)

The notation used in the manuscript is also used in this review. The authors consider the family of real planar \(1\)-forms \[ \omega_\varepsilon \, = \, P_0 M \frac{dH_0}{H_0} \, + \, \varepsilon M d P_0, \] where \(\varepsilon \in \mathbb{R}\) is a small parameter, \[ M \, = \, \prod_{i=1}^{k} P_i, \quad H_0\, = \, \prod_{i=1}^{k} P_i^{a_i}, \] \(P_i \in \mathbb{R}[x,y]\) for \(i \geq 0\) and \(a_i \in \mathbb{R}\), \(a_i >0\) for \(i \geq 1\). Note that \(\omega_\varepsilon=0\) is Darboux integrable with first integral \(H_\varepsilon \, = \, H_0 P_0^{\varepsilon}\) and that it is slow-fast with \(P_0=0\) the slow manifold. Assume that the family \(\omega_\varepsilon \, = \, 0\) has a family \(\gamma_\varepsilon(t) \subset H_\varepsilon^{-1}(t)\) of cycles. The authors deal with the principal (linear) part of the displacement function of a polynomial perturbation of the form \(\omega_{\varepsilon,\varepsilon_1} \, = \, \omega_\varepsilon \, + \, \varepsilon_1 \eta\) with \(\varepsilon_1>0\). This principal part is the pseudo-abelian integral \[ I_\varepsilon(t) \, = \, \int_{\gamma_\varepsilon(t)} \frac{\eta}{P_0M}, \] whose isolated zeros correspond to limit cycles of \(\omega_{\varepsilon,\varepsilon_1} = 0\) which bifurcate from the nest of cycles formed by \(\gamma_\varepsilon(t)\) and the cycles of the system for \(\varepsilon \, = \, 0\). The authors make several assumptions which are realized by the toy example \(P_0 \, = \, y-x^2\), \(M \, = \, H_0 \, = \, 1-y\). Remark that when \(\varepsilon \neq 0\) (and close to zero), this system has a singular point \(p_\varepsilon = (\varepsilon/(1+\varepsilon), 0)\) which is a saddle for \(\varepsilon<0\) and a center for \(\varepsilon>0\). For \(\varepsilon \, = \, 0\), \(p_0\) belongs to the slow manifold and is a turning point from which Hopf bifurcation can occur. The following value is defined: \(t_\varepsilon \, = \, H_\varepsilon(p_\varepsilon)\). Under the mentioned assumptions, the authors are able to prove a bound for the number of isolated zeros of the pseudo-abelian integrals \(I_\varepsilon(t)\) for \(\varepsilon>0\) and \(t \in (0,t_{\varepsilon})\). This bound is locally uniform with respect to all parameters, that is, parameters of \(\eta\), \(\varepsilon_1\), the coefficients of the polynomials \(P_i\), the exponents \(a_i\) and \(\varepsilon\). This result deals both with all the limit cycles which bifurcate from the nest of cycles: both the canard-like and the Hopf ones. On the other hand, the results of \textit{F. Dumortier} and \textit{R. Roussarie}, see [Mem. Am. Math. Soc. 577, 100 p. (1996; Zbl 0851.34057)] and [J. Differ. Equations 174, No. 1, 1--29 (2001; Zbl 1024.34038)], only consider Canard-like limit cycles but taking into account the whole displacement function instead of only its principal (linear) part given by the pseudo-abelian integral. The main tools used in the proof of this finiteness result is first to consider the \(\varepsilon\)-variation of the \(\gamma_\varepsilon(t)\) cycle which allows to transform the pseudo-abelian integral to an integral of the form \(\eta/(P_0 M)\) along a figure eight-cycle. This integral has better regularity properties with respect to the parameters. Then, the authors blow-up the turning point in order to prove the analyticity of the integral in a convenient time scale. Together with an application of the argument principle, the authors are done. This result is a step forward in the program of proving uniform finiteness of the number of zeroes of pseudo-abelian integrals, see [\textit{M. Bobieński} and \textit{P. Mardešić}, Proc. Lond. Math. Soc. (3) 97, No. 3, 669--688 (2008; Zbl 1171.34023)] and [\textit{D. Novikov}, Geom. Funct. Anal. 18(2008), No. 5, 1750--1773 (2009; Zbl 1167.32005)].