Factorization in ordered Banach algebras (Q2399562)

An algebra \(A\) with unit element \(e\) is called strongly decomposable (resp. decomposable) if it can be written as a direct sum \(A=A_-\oplus A_0\oplus A_+\) (resp. \(A=A_-\oplus A_+\)) of its subalgebras so that any invertible element belonging to \(A_0\) has its inverse in \(A_0\). Moreover, \(A_0A_+\cup A_+A_0\subset A_0\) (the same for \(A_-\)), and, whenever \(a\in A_+\) and \(e-a\) is invertible, then \((e-a)^{-1}-e\) is in \(A_+\) (the same for \(A_-\)). The authors consider ordered Banach algebras with order defined by means of an algebraic cone \(C\). A cone \(C\) is called normal if there is a positive \(\gamma\) so that \(\|a\|\leq\gamma\|b\|\) if \(0\leq a\leq b\). Theorem 4.1. Let \(A=A_+\oplus A_-\) be ordered by means of an algebraic closed normal cone \(C\). For a positive element \(a\) in \(C\) the following are equivalent (\(r(a)\) denotes the spectral radius of \(a\)): \(r(a)<1\) and \(e-a=(e-b_-)(e-b_+)\) with \(b_-\in C\cap A_-, b_+\in C\cap A_+\) and \(r(b_-),r(b_+)<1\). Moreover, this factorization is unique. Theorem 4.3. Let \(A=A_+\oplus A_0\oplus A_-\), \(a\in C\) and \(\beta>0\). Then \(r(a)<\beta\) if and only if \(\beta e-a=(e-a_-)a_0(e-a_+)\) with \(a_0,a_0^{-1}\in C\cap A_0\) and \(a_-\in C\cap A_-,a_+\in C\cap A_+, r(a_),r(a_+)<1\). The factorization is unique. The paper finishes with applications of the above to chains of projections, \(M\)-matrices, and factorization in Banach algebras of regular operators.