The complement of a \(\sigma\)-compact subset of a space with a \(\pi\)-tree also has a \(\pi\)-tree (Q2400873)

If \(\mathcal{T}=(T, <_{\mathcal{T}})\) is a set-theoretic tree with the set \(T\) of all nodes and a strict partial order \(<_{\mathcal{T}}\) on \(T\), then a foliage tree with skeleton \(\mathcal{T}\) is an ordered pair \(\mathbf{F}=(\mathcal{T},l)\) where \(l\) is a function defined on \(T\) which assigns, to each node \(x\in T\), a set \(\mathbf{F}_x=l(x)\) called the leaf of \(\mathbf{F}\) at the node \(x\). For a topological space \(X\), the author considers foliage trees with all leaves contained in \(X\). Among many other notions, the author introduces the concepts of a Baire foliage tree on \(X\) and a foliage tree which grows into \(X\). A foliage tree \(\mathbf{F}\) on \(X\) is called a \(\pi\)-tree on \(X\) if \(\mathbf{F}\) is a Baire foliage tree on \(X\) which grows into \(X\). All axioms of ZFC seem to be assumed. A topological space \(X\) has a \(\pi\)-tree if and only if \(X\) has a Lusin \(\pi\)-base. The concept of a Lusin \(\pi\)-base was introduced in the article [\textit{M. Patrakeev}, Topol. Proc., 45, 253--269, 143--152 (2015; Zbl 1328.54025 )]. Let \(\mathcal{N}=(^\omega\omega, \tau_{\mathcal{N}})\) denote the Baire space, i.e. \(\tau_{\mathcal{N}}\) is the product topology on \(^\omega\omega\) where \(\omega\) is considered with its discrete topology. The space \(\mathcal{N}\) and the Sorgenfrey line have \(\pi\)-trees. A standard \(\pi\)-tree \(\mathbf{S}\) on \(\mathcal{N}\) is defined. It is shown that, for a topology \(\tau\) in \(^\omega\omega\), the tree \(\mathbf{S}\) is a Baire foliage tree on \((^\omega\omega,\tau)\) if and only if \(\tau_{\mathcal{N}}\subseteq\tau\). A topological space \(X\) has a Baire foliage tree if and only if there exists a topology \(\tau\) in \(^\omega\omega\) such that \(X\) is homeomorphic to \((^\omega\omega, \tau)\) and \(\tau_{\mathcal{N}}\subseteq \tau\). A topological space \(X\) has a \(\pi\)-tree if and only if there exists a topology \(\tau\) in \(^\omega\omega\) such that \(X\) is homeomorphic to \((^\omega\omega, \tau)\) and \(\mathbf{S}\) is a \(\pi\)-tree on \((^\omega\omega, \tau)\). To modify trees and, next, foliage trees, the author describes rather complicated hybrid and foliage hybrid operations. Using leaves of the standard tree \(\mathbf{S}\) on \(\mathcal{N}\), a concept of \(\pi\)-dense sets in \(\mathcal{N}\) is introduced. Finally, the foliage hybrid operation is applied to a proof that if \(Y\) is an intersection of a countable family of open \(\pi\)-dense subsets of \(\mathcal{N}\), while \(\tau\) is a topology in \(^\omega\omega\) such that \(\mathbf{S}\) is a \(\pi\)-tree on \((^\omega\omega, \tau)\), then the subspace \(Y\) of \((^\omega\omega, \tau)\) has a \(\pi\)-tree. In consequence, if a space \(X\) has a \(\pi\)-tree, while \(Y\) is a subspace of \(X\) such that \(X\setminus Y\) is \(\sigma\)-compact in \(X\), then \(Y\) has a \(\pi\)-tree.