Hyperbolic \(H\)-knots in non-trivial lens spaces are not determined by their complement (Q2401577)

A knot \(K\) in a \(3\)-manifold \(M\) is determined by its complement if either (1) the only Dehn surgery on the knot that results in the manifold \(M\) is the trivial one or (2), for each non-trivial Dehn surgery on \(K\) resulting in \(M\) (called a \textit{meridional cosmetic surgery}), the core of the surgery is a knot \(K'\) \textit{equivalent} to \(K\), that is there is a diffeomorphisms between the pairs \((M,K)\) and \((M,K')\). The Gordon-Luecke theorem asserts that knots in the \(3\)-sphere are determined by their complements [\textit{C. McA. Gordon} and \textit{J. Luecke}, J. Am. Math. Soc. 2, No. 2, 371--415 (1989; Zbl 0678.57005)], and all non-trivial knots satisfy (1) above, while the unknot satisfies (2). Knots in \({\mathbf S}^2\times{\mathbf S}^1\) are also determined by their complements as proved by \textit{D. Gabai} [J. Differ. Geom. 18, 445--503 (1983; Zbl 0533.57013)]. The author considers here knots in other lens spaces, where they are not determined by their complements in general, and focuses his attention to hyperbolic knots (non-hyperbolic knots were considered by the author in a previous work [Topology Appl. 157, No. 12, 1900--1925 (2010; Zbl 1194.57022)]). Every knot in a lens space can be isotoped so that it is nicely positioned with respect to a genus-one Heegaard splitting of the manifold: one can assume that the knot misses both cores of the splitting and sits inside one of the two Heegaard solid tori \(V\). The main result of the paper states that if \(K\) is a hyperbolic knot admitting a meridional cosmetic surgery inducing a cosmetic surgery on \(V\), then \(K\) is not determined by its complement. The main idea of the proof is to subdivide all knots satisfying the hypotheses of the theorem above into two families, according to the behavior of the cosmetic surgery. The knots of one of the two families are then completely characterised and provide an infinite family of non-hyperbolic knots with cosmetic surgeries. As a consequence, hyperbolic knots must belong to the second family whose knots can be shown not to be determined by their complements. So far, a single hyperbolic knot (constructed by \textit{S. A. Bleiler} et al. [Geom. Topol. Monogr. 2, 23--34 (1999; Zbl 0948.57017)]) not determined by its complement is known. The proof relies on \textit{J. Berge}'s characterisation of knots with cosmetic surgeries in solid tori [Topology Appl. 38, No. 1, 1--19 (1991; Zbl 0725.57001)], on the cyclic surgery theorem by \textit{M. Culler} et al. [Ann. Math. (2) 125, 237--300 (1987; Zbl 0633.57006)], and on a detailed algebraic analysis of the lens space invariants.