The deformation of symplectic critical surfaces in a Kähler surface. II: Compactness (Q2403781)

Let \((M,\omega,J,\overline{g})\) be a Kähler surface. For a compact oriented real surface \(\Sigma\) immersed in \(M\), the Kähler angle \(\alpha\) of \(\Sigma\) in \(M\) is defined by \(\omega|_\Sigma=\cos\alpha d\mu_\Sigma\). \(\Sigma\) is a holomorphic curve if \(\cos\alpha\equiv 1\), \(\Sigma\) is a Lagrange surface if \(\cos\alpha\equiv 0\), and \(\Sigma\) is a symplectic surface if \(\cos\alpha>0\). Consider the functional \[ L_\beta=\int_\Sigma\frac{1}{\cos^\beta\alpha}d\mu. \] As shown in [the authors, ``The deformation of symplectic critical surfaces in a Kähler surface. I'', Int. Math. Res. Notices (to appear), \url{arXiv:1504.04138}]), its Euler-Lagrange equation is \[ \cos^3\alpha \mathbf{H}-\beta(J(J\nabla\cos\alpha)^\top)^\bot=0. \] The critical points of \(L_\beta\) in the class of symplectic surfaces in a Kähler surface are called \(\beta\)-symplectic critical surfaces. The authors claim that they believe that the \(\beta\)-symplectic critical surfaces connect the stable minimal surface (\(\beta=0\)) and the holomorphic curve (\(\beta\to\infty\)) in a Kähler surface. Let \[ S:=\{\beta\in[0,\infty)|\exists \text{ a strictly stable }\beta\text{-symplectic critical surface} \}. \] The authors prove in [loc. cit.] that the set \(S\) is open in \([0,\infty)\). In this paper, as a first attempt to the closeness, the authors want to consider the compactness of \(\beta\)-symplectic critical surfaces in a Kähler surface. The main result is as follows: Theorem 4.1. Let \(M\) be a closed Kähler surface and \(\Sigma_i\subset M\) a sequence of closed \(\beta_i\)-symplectic critical surfaces with \(\beta_i\to\beta_0\in(0,\infty)\), and \[ \int_{\Sigma_i}\frac{1}{\cos^q\alpha_i}\leq C_1 \] for some \(q>4\) and \(g(\Sigma_i)\leq g_0\), where \(g(\Sigma_i)\) is the genus of \(\Sigma_i\). Then there exists a finite set of points \(\mathcal{S}\subset M\) and a subsequence \(\Sigma_{i'}\) which converges uniformly in the \(C^l\) topology (for \(l<\infty\)) on compact subsets of \(M\setminus\mathcal{S}\) to a \(\beta_0\)-symplectic critical surface \(\Sigma\subset M\). The subsequence also converges to \(\Sigma\) in (extrinsic) Hausdorff distance. Furthermore, around each singular point \(p_\gamma\in\mathcal{S}\), there is a bubble which is a smooth holomorphic curve in \(\mathbb{C}^2\). The tangent cone of \(\Sigma\cup\mathcal{S}\) at \(p_\gamma\) is a flat cone that consists of a union of planes in \(\mathbb{C}^2\) which intersect at only one point. Moreover, for each connected component \(\Omega\) of \(\Sigma\) with \(p_\gamma\in \mathcal{S}\cap\overline{\Omega}, \;\Omega\cup\{p_\gamma\}\) is a smooth \(\beta_0\)-symplectic critical surface of \(M\).