On the eigenvalues of the infinitesimal generator of a semigroup of composition operators (Q2404470)

Denote by \(\mathbb{D}\) the unit disk on the complex plane, \(H^{p}\) (\(1\leq p<\infty\)) the classical Hardy space which consists of functions holomorphic on \(\mathbb{D}\). A~one-parameter family \(\varphi(t, z)\) of nonconstant functions from \(\mathbb{D}\) to \(\mathbb{D}\) that satisfies \(\varphi(0, z)=z\) and \(\varphi(t+s, z)=\varphi(s,(t, z))\) for all \(s, t \geq0\) and \(z\in G\) is called a semigroup flow. The family \((C_{\varphi_{t}})_{t\geq0}\) of composition operators on \(H^{p}\) is given by \[ (C_{\varphi_{t}}f)(z)=f(\varphi(t, z)) \] for every \(t\geq0\), \(f\in H^{p}\). Since \(\varphi(t, z)\) is a flow, the semigroup property \(C_{\varphi_{t+s}}=C_{\varphi_{t}}C_{\varphi_{s}}\) is satisfied. Thus \((C_{\varphi_{t}})\) forms a strongly continuous one-parameter semigroup on \(H^{p}\). If the function \(\varphi(t, z)\) is differentiable and there exists a unique holomorphic function \(G: \mathbb{D}\rightarrow \mathbb{C}\) such that \[ \frac{\partial \varphi(t, z)}{\partial t}=G(\varphi(t, z)), \;t\geq 0, \;z\in \mathbb{D} , \] then the function \(G\) is called the infinitesimal generator of the semigroup. The infinitesimal generator \(\Gamma\) of \((C_{\varphi_{t}})_{t\geq0}\) is defined for all \(f\in H^{p}\) such that \(Gf' \in H^{p}\) and is given by \[ \Gamma f =Gf',\; f\in H^{p}. \] Let \(\Lambda\) denote the point spectrum of \(\Gamma\), namely, the set of all eigenvalues of \(\Gamma\). The author describes the point spectrum \(\Lambda\) of \(\Gamma\) in terms of the geometry of the associated planar domain of the semigroup. The author uses the fact that a complex number \(\lambda\) is an eigenvalue of \(\Gamma\) if and only if \(e^{\lambda h} \in H^{p}\), where \(h\) is the Koenigs function of the semigroup. Then the \(H^{p}\) norm of \(e^{\lambda h}\) is represented as the integral of harmonic measures. Thus, the proof is based on estimates for the harmonic measure. By delicate estimates of the harmonic measure, results on the point spectrum of the infinitesimal generator are obtained. The author also characterizes various properties of the point spectrum in the parabolic case.