Integrable cosmological potentials (Q2410932)

The Einstein equations for a isotropic, homogeneous and spatially flat Friedmann-Lemaitre-Robertson-Walker metric with a cosmological scalar inflaton field are equivalent to a natural Hamiltonian system in the Minkowski plane, with Hamiltonian \(H\), subject to the condition \(H=0\) (the Friedmann constraint). In this article, exact solutions for the constrained Hamiltonian system are investigated, by assuming the existence of one polynomial first integral of \(H\) of degree one, two and three in the momenta on \(H=0\). The assumptions determine the form of the scalar potential in \(H.\) The aim is to classify the integrable Hamiltonians, and consequently the solutions of Einstein equations, according to the form of the scalar potential of \(H\). The possible existence of a third functionally independent first integral, making the system superintegrable, is considered. Several new superintegrable solutions are found. For Hamiltonians with first-integrals of degree one and two, the results known in literature are recovered, integrable and superintegrable ones. For the case of a cubic first integral, the necessary and sufficient conditions for the scalar potential are determined and several particular solutions are obtained, some of them known in literature, and a new family of solutions is analyzed, associated with rational solutions of the Riccati equation. The properties of the metrics associated with the new integrable Hamiltonians are not investigated here.