Eigenvalue estimates for bilayer graphene (Q2414920)

The author studies eigenvalue estimates of the operators related to the theory of bilayer graphene. The Hamiltonian of bilayer graphene is given by $D=D_m+V$, where \[ D_m= \begin{pmatrix} m&4\partial_{\bar z}^2\\4\partial_{ z}^2&-m \end{pmatrix}, m \geq 0 \] \[ \partial_{\bar z}=\frac12\Bigl(\frac{\partial}{\partial x_1}+\frac1i\frac{\partial}{\partial x_2}\Big), \qquad \partial_{ z}=\frac12\Bigl(\frac{\partial}{\partial x_1}-\frac1i\frac{\partial}{\partial x_2}\Big). \] This operator acts in the Hilbert space $L^2(\mathbb{R}^2;\mathbb{C}^2)$. The potential $V:\mathbb{R}^2\to \mathrm{Mat}(2\times 2;\mathbb{C})$. The following results are proved: \par \text{(i)} If $1< q\leq 3/2$, then every $z\in\sigma_\text{p}(D)$ satisfies \[ \frac{|k(z)|^{2q-2}}{\left(1+|\zeta(z)|+|\zeta(z)|^{-1}\right)^{q}}\leq C_{q}\|V\|_{q}^{q}, \] where $k(z)^4:=z^2-m^2,\zeta(z):=\frac{z+m}{k(z)^2}$. \par \text{(ii)} If $q=1$, then there exists $c_1>0$ such that if $\|V\|_1\leq c_1$, then \[ \sigma_\text{p}(D)\subset \left\{z\in\mathbb{C}:{|z\pm m|\leq C_1 m\|V\|_1^2}\right\}\quad \text{if }m>0. \] The range $1 < q\leq 3/2$ is optimal if embedded eigenvalues are also considered. \par Similar estimates are proved for a modified bilayer operator $D_\text{trig} +V$ with so-called ``trigonal warping'' term: \[ D_\text{trig}= \begin{pmatrix} 0&4\partial_{\bar z}^2+2 \partial_{ z}\\4\partial_{ z}^2+2\partial_{\bar z}&0 \end{pmatrix}. \] The main tool are uniform resolvent estimates that may be of independent interest.