Completeness and absolute \(H\)-closedness of topological semilattices (Q2415956)

Starting with a topological semilattice, a topological space $X$ endowed with a continuous binary operation $X\times X\rightarrow X, \,\, (x, y)\rightarrow xy$ which is associative, commutative and idempotent (i.e., $xx=x$, for all $x\in X$), the authors have endeavoured to detect(absolutely) $H$-closed semilattices; a Hausdorff topological semigroup $X$ is said to be: \par (i) `$H$-closed' if, for any isomorphic topological embedding $h: X\rightarrow Y$ to a Hausdorff topological semigroup $Y$, the image $h(X)$ is closed in $Y$: \par (ii) `absolutely $H$-closed' if, for any continuous homomorphism $h:X\rightarrow Y$ to a Hausdorff topological semigroup $Y$, the image $h(X)$ is closed in $Y$. \par In the process of detection, the main aim in the paper, some accessories have come naturally like chain: A subset $\mathcal{C}$ of a semilattice $X$ is called a chain if any two elements of $\mathcal{C}$ are comparable in the natural partial order $\leq$ on $X$, defined by $x \leq y$ iff $xy=x$. \par Defining for $A\subset X$ ($X$ is a poset), $\downarrow A=\{x \in X: \, \exists \, a \in A\text{ with }x\leq a\}$, and $\uparrow A=\{x \in X: \, \exists \, a \in A\text{ with }x \geq a\}$, the following new concepts have been provided: a topological semilattice $X$ is defined to be: \par (a) $k$-complete if each non-empty chain $\mathcal{C}\subseteq X$ has $\inf \mathcal{C}\in \overline{\mathcal{C}}$ and $\sup \mathcal{C} \in \overline{\mathcal{C}}$; \par (b) $s$-complete if each non-empty sub-semilattice $\mathcal{S}\subseteq X$ has $\inf \mathcal{S} \in \overline{\uparrow \mathcal{S}}$ and each non-empty chain $\mathcal{C}\subseteq X$ has $\sup \mathcal{C} \in \overline{\downarrow \mathcal{C}}$; \par (c) $c$-complete if for each closed upper set $F\subseteq X$ (i.e., $F=\uparrow F)$ each non-empty chain $\mathcal{C}\subset F$ has $\inf \mathcal{C} \in F$ and $\sup \mathcal{C} \in \overline{\downarrow \mathcal{C}}$ in $X$. \par To delineate the main theorems of the paper, two more new concepts have been provided which are as follows: A topological space $X$ with a closed partial order `$\leq$' is said to be: \par (a) well-separated if for any points $x, y \in X$ with $x < y$, there is a neighbourhood $V$ of $y$ in $X$ such that $x \not \in \uparrow \overline{\uparrow \overline{\uparrow V}}$; \par (b) down-open if for every open set $U$ in $X$, the lower set $\downarrow U$ is open in $X$. \par Now one main result of the article can be enunciated for a continuous homomorphism $h: X\rightarrow Y$, where $X$ is a topological semilattice and $Y$ is a Hausdorff topological semilattice: The image $h(X)$ is closed in $Y$ if any one of the following conditions holds: \par (i) $X$ is $k$-complete; \par (ii) $X$ is $s$-complete and $Y$ is well-separated; \par (iii) $X$ is $c$-complete and $X$ or $Y$ is down open. \par Another main result of the article concerns a continuous homomorphism $h: X\rightarrow Y$ from a $c$-complete topological semilattice $X$ to a Hausdorff semilattice $Y$: $h(X)$ is closed in $Y$ if any of the following conditions holds: \par (i) $X$ or $Y$ is a down-open topological semilattice; \par (ii) $\overleftrightarrow{U}\subset \overline{\uparrow U}$, for any $U\subset X$; \par (iii) $Y$ is a well-separated semilattice and $\overleftrightarrow{S}\subset \uparrow \overline{\uparrow U}$, for any sub-semilattice $S\subset X$, where $\overleftrightarrow{A}$ (for any $A\subset X$) stands for the smallest chain-closed subset of $X$ containing $A$.