Iwasawa theory for Rankin-Selberg products of \(p\)-nonordinary eigenforms (Q2418589)

In this paper the authors study the Iwasawa theory for Rankin-Selberg products of two modular forms which are nonordinary at an odd prime \(p\). More precisely, let \(f\) and \(g\) be two normalised, new cuspidal modular eigenforms of weights at least \(2\). Assume that the levels of \(f\) and \(g\) are not divisible by \(p\). Fix lattices \(R_f\) and \(R_g\) in the attached representations of \(G_{\mathbb Q}\) and set \(T := R_f^{\ast} \otimes R_g^{\ast}\). The theory of Beilinson-Flach elements gives rise to four rank-one Euler systems, one for each choice of \(p\)-stabilisations of \(f\) and \(g\). That is, for each choice \(\lambda\) and \(\mu\) of roots of the Hecke polynomials of \(f\) and \(g\) at \(p\), and each integer \(m \geq 1\) prime to \(p\) there is a Beilinson-Flach class \[ BF_{\lambda, \mu, m} \in \mathcal{H} \otimes H^1_{Iw}(\mathbb Q (\mu_{mp^{\infty}}), T). \] These classes have been constructed by \textit{D. Loeffler} and \textit{S. Zerbes} [Res. Math. Sci. 3, Paper No. 29, 53 p. (2016; Zbl 1414.11070)] and satisfy Euler-system norm relations as \(m\) varies. A drawback here is that these elements do not lie in the Iwasawa cohomology of \(T\), but one has to tensor with the distribution algebra \(\mathcal{H}\). As a first main result, the authors show that (under certain hypotheses) there is a class \[ BF_1 \in \mathrm{Frac}(\mathcal{H}) \otimes \bigwedge^2 H^1_{Iw}(\mathbb Q (\mu_{p^{\infty}}), T) \] whose image under appropriate projection maps equals \(BF_{\lambda, \mu, 1}\). This gives some evidence for a conjecture of \textit{A. Lei} et al. [Ann. Math. (2) 180, No. 2, 653--771 (2014; Zbl 1315.11044)] in the case \(m=1\). Moreover, using the theory of Wach modules, the authors define a `logarithmic matrix' \(M\), a certain \(4 \times 4\) matrix defined over \(\mathcal{H}\), and conjecture that there are four classes in \(H^1_{Iw}(\mathbb Q (\mu_{mp^{\infty}}), T)\) for each \(m\) such that \(M\) transfers these classes to the Beilinson-Flach classes. The authors call these conjectural integral classes `doubly signed Beilinson-Flach elements'. Assuming this conjecture, they formulate a signed Iwasawa main conjecture for the Rankin-Selberg convolution \(f \otimes g\) in the spirit of Kobayashi's \(\pm\)-Iwasawa theory for supersingular elliptic curves. They prove one inclusion of these conjectures under certain hypotheses. We point out that the special case when \(f=g\) has meanwhile been studied in a subsequent article by three of the present authors (see [``Iwasawa theory for symmetric square of non-\(p\)-ordinary eigenforms'', Preprint, \url{arXiv:1807.11517}]).