Abstract Lorentz spaces and Köthe duality (Q2422266)

This exhaustive paper faces the pshownroblem of making a complete analysis of the Köthe duality for the class of abstract Lorentz spaces, a class of Banach lattices of integrable functions. Given an Orlicz function \(\varphi\), the Orlicz-Lorentz space is defined as a generalization of the Lorentz spaces in which the modular \(\Phi\), defined by \[ \Phi(f)= \int_I \varphi(f) \, w \, dm, \] where \(f\) is a Lebesgue measurable function acting in \(I\), provides the main tool for defining the space. Indeed, for non-increasing functions \(w\), the Orlicz-Lorentz space \(\Lambda_{\varphi, w}\) is the space of all measurable functions such that \(\{c: \Phi(f/c) < \infty \} \ne \emptyset\), and the (Luxemburg) norm is given by the infimum of all such constants \(c\) above that satisfy that \(\Phi(f/c) \le 1\). \(\Lambda_{\varphi, w}\) is an ideal of the space of measurable functions \(L^0(I)\), which is complete and symmetric. In fact, these spaces are the symmetrizations of the corresponding Orlicz spaces \(L^\varphi\) on the measure space \((I, w\,dm)\). In this paper, a further generalization of this notion is presented. Consider a symmetric Banach function space \(E\) and a decreasing positive weight function \(w\) on an interval \(I = (0, a)\). Following the same idea as in the definition of the Orlicz-Lorentz spaces explained above, the generalized Lorentz space \(\Lambda_{E,w}\) is defined as the symmetrization of the canonical copy \(E_w\) of \(E\) on the measure space associated with the weight. In the same way and taking into account the structural differences, a class of functions \(M_{E,w}\) is defined as the symmetrization of the space \(w \, E_w\) for providing the corresponding generalization of Marcinkiewicz type, that is also normable under some regularity requirements on \(w\). The main aim of the present paper is to show how to construct a Köthe duality theory for these spaces. If \(Q_{E,w}\) is the smallest fully symmetric Banach function space containing \(M_{E,w}\), then the Köthe duality can be constructed over these spaces in the following way: the Köthe dual of \(M_{E,w}\) is identified with the Lorentz space \(\Lambda_{E',w}\), and the Köthe dual of \(\Lambda_{E,w}\) is \(M_{E',w}.\) A lot of information about the dualshownity relation among these spaces is provided, together with some characterizations of the associated classes \(Q_{E,w}\) involving the level functions of Halperin with respect to \(w\) and optimization with respect to the Hardy-Littlewood submajorization order. The powerful consequences of the theory are then displayed by giving, for example, new descriptions of the dual of the spaces \(\Lambda_{\varphi,w}\). The results are presented along nine sections, in which a lot of useful material is shown, involving inequalities and structure properties of the spaces. After presenting the results on generalized Orlicz-Lorentz spaces, the spaces \(M_{E,w}\) and the associated Köthe duality are studied in Section~4 and Section~5, respectively, and a related class -- the spaces \(Q_{E,w}\) -- is introduced in Section~6. In Section~7, the spaces \(P_{E,w}\) defined as the union of the classes \(M_{E,v}\), where \(v\) is a positive decreasing weight submajorized by \(w\) on \(I\), are studied. Some applications to the case of the Orlicz-Lorentz spaces are shown in Section~8, and the paper finishes with some examples of the spaces \(M_{E,w}\) and \(Q_{E,w}\), provided in Section~9.