Tropical homology (Q2423434)

This is one of the cornerstone works in tropical geometry. The main result of the paper allows one to recover the Hodge structure of a smooth projective variety via the combinatorics of its tropicalization. More precisely, denote \[{\mathrm{Log}}_t:({\mathbb C}^*)^n\to{\mathbb R}^n,\quad t>0.\] Let \({\mathcal X}\to\{0<|z|\ll1\}\) be a flat family of smooth \(k\)-dimensional complex varieties in \({\mathbb P}^n\). It is known that there is a sequence \(t_i\underset{i\to\infty}{\longrightarrow}0\), \(t_i>0\), such that the sequence \({\mathrm{Log}}_{t_i}({\mathcal X}_{t_i}\cap({\mathbb C}^*)^n)\) converges in Hausdorff topology to a \(k\)-dimensional tropical vriety \(V\subset{\mathbb R}^n\), which is a finite, rational, weighted, balanced polyhedral complex of pure dimension \(k\) (called the tropicalization of the family \({\mathcal X}_t\)). For a cell \(\tau\) of \(V\), let \({}^{\mathbb Z}{\mathcal F}_p(\tau)\subset\Lambda^p{\mathbb Z}^n\) be the subgroup generated by all elements \(v_1\wedge\dots\wedge v_p\), where \(v_1,\dots,v_p\in T_\sigma\cap{\mathbb Z}^n\), \(T_\sigma\) being the tangent space to a cell \(\sigma\supset\tau\). Since \({}^{\mathbb Z}{\mathcal F}_p(\tau)\subset{}^{\mathbb Z}{\mathcal F}_p(\tau')\) as long as \(\tau\subset\tau'\), one can define the tropical homology groups \[H_{p,q}(V)=H_q(V,{}^{\mathbb Z}{\mathcal F}_p\otimes{\mathbb Q}),\quad p,q\ge0.\] The main result of the paper states that, if \(V\) is smooth (in the tropical sense), that the groups \(H_{p,q}(V)\) are naturally isomorphic to \(W_{2p}/W_{2p-1}\), where \(W_m\) denotes the \(m\)-th graded piece of the monodromy weight filtration in the mixed Hodge structure of \(H^{p+q}({\mathcal Z}_\infty,{\mathbb Q})\) with a canonical fiber \({\mathcal X}_\infty\) of the family \({\mathcal X}\). In particular, for a generic fiber \({\mathcal Z}_t\), one has \(h^{p,q}({\mathcal Z}_t)=\dim_{\mathbb Q}H_{p,q}(V)\). The key ingrediant of the proof is a quasi-isomorphism between the tropical cellular complexes and the dual row complexes of the the page \(E^1\) of the weight spectral sequence for the limiting mixed Hodge structure of \({\mathcal Z}_\infty\).