Three extremal problems in the Hardy and Bergman spaces of functions analytic in a disk (Q2424176)

Let \(\mathbb{D}\) denote the open unit disk in the complex plane, and let \(H(\mathbb{D})\) denote the space of analytic functions in the complex plane. For a function \(f\in H(\mathbb{D}),\, p\in [1,\infty)\), and \(0\le r<1\), we define \[ M_p(f,r)=\left(\frac{1}{2\pi}\int_0^{2\pi}|f(re^{i\theta}|^pdt\right)^{1/p}, \] and for \(p=\infty\), we define \[ M_p(f,r)=\sup\{|f(z)|: |z|=r\}. \] Let \(\gamma\) be a weight function on the interval \((0,1)\); it is a nonnegative integrable function that is nonzero almost everywhere. Assume moreover that \(r\gamma(r)\) has finite integral. For \(q\in [1,\infty)\), define the space \(\mathcal{B}=B_\gamma^{p,q}\) of all functions \(f\in H(\mathbb{D})\) for which \[ \int_0^{1}M_p^q(f,r)r\gamma(r)dr<\infty. \] The norm of a function in \(B_\gamma^{p,q}\) is defined by \[ \|f\|_{B_\gamma^{p,q}}=\left(\int_0^{1}M_p^q(f,r)r\gamma(r)dr\right)^{1/q}. \] This norm makes \(B_\gamma^{p,q}\) a Banach space. Note that if \(p=q\), then \(B_\gamma^{p,q}=B_\gamma^p\) becomes the familiar weighted Bergman space with radial weight \(\gamma\). Moreover, if \(q=\infty\), then \(B_\gamma^{p,\infty}\) is identified with the Hardy space \(H^p\). For \(f(z)=\sum_{k=0}^\infty c_kz^k\) in \(H(\mathbb{D})\), the authors consider the operators \[ Lf(z)=\sum_{k=0}^\infty l_kc_kz^k,\quad Gf(z)=\sum_{k=0}^\infty g_kc_kz^k. \] For \(N>0\) fixed, the class \(L\mathcal{B}(N)\) consists of all functions \(f\in H(\mathbb{D})\) for which \(Lf\in\mathcal{B}\) and \(\|Lf\|_\mathcal{B}\le N\). For \(N=1\), simply write \(L\mathcal{B}(1)=L\mathcal{B}\). Write also \[ \mathcal{B}_s=B_\gamma^{ps,qs},\quad s=1,2,3. \] Let \(n(L)\) be the smallest index for which \(l_k\neq 0\), so that \(Lf(z)=\sum_{k=n(L)}^\infty l_kc_kz^k\). Assume also that \(n(G)\ge n(L)\). The paper under review aims to solves extremal problems of the following form; for \(N>0\), find \[ \mathcal{E}(N)=\sup_{f\in L\mathcal{B}_1} \inf_{\varphi\in G\mathcal{B}_3(N)}\|f-\varphi\|_{\mathcal{B}_2}. \] This is the best approximation of \(L\mathcal{B}_1\) by the class \(G\mathcal{B}_3(N)\) in the norm of \(\mathcal{B}_2\). It is proved that \(\mathcal{E}(N)=\max\{a_k-b_kN:\, k\ge n(G)\}\) where the sequences \(a_k\) and \(b_k\) are defined in a specific fashion (see Table 1 in the paper). The next extremal problem which solve the authors is the calculation of the modulus of continuity of \(L\), that is \[ \omega(\delta)=\sup\{\|Lf\|_{\mathcal{B}_2}: f\in G\mathcal{B}_3, \|f\|_{\mathcal{B}_1}\le \delta\}. \] Similar problems are also discussed.