Second order differential operators with Feller-Wentzell type boundary conditions (Q2426480)

The authors consider the second order ordinary differential operator \[ Au(x) = a(x) u''(x) + b(x) u'(x) + c(x) u(x), \] where \(a(x)\) is a continuously differentiable function with \(a(x) > 0\) and \(b(x), c(x)\) are continuous functions, all in the interval \([0, 1]\). The Feller-Ventsel boundary conditions in this paper have one of the four forms below: \[ \begin{alignedat}{2} u''(0)&= E_0u, &\quad u''(1) &= E_1 u; \\ u'(0) + \gamma u(0) &= 0, &\quad u''(1) &= E_1 u; \\ u(0) &= 0, &\quad u''(1) &= E_1u; \\ u(0) &= u(1), &\quad u''(1) + \eta u''(0) &= E_1u; \end{alignedat} \] where \(\eta > 0\) and \(E_0, E_1\) are linear bounded operators from \(C^1[0, 1]\) into \(\mathbb C\). Operators \(E_i\) that are found in applications are usually of the form \[ E_i u = \beta_i u'(i) + \gamma_i u(i) + \int_0^1 u(x) \xi_i(x)\,dx, \quad i = 0, 1, \] where \(\beta_i, \gamma_i \in {\mathbb C}\), \(\xi_i(\cdot) \in L^1(0, 1)\). Generalizing and extending previous results, the authors show that \(A\), equipped with Feller-Ventsel boundary conditions, under suitable assumptions generates a strongly continuous cosine function in \(C[0, 1]\) or in a subspace of \(C[0, 1]\).