Chamber structure and wallcrossing in the ADHM theory of curves. I (Q2428169)

Let \(X\) be a smooth projective curve over a field \(K\), which is assumed to be (an extension of) \(\mathbb{C}\), equipped with a very ample line bundle and let \(M_1\) and \(M_2\) be invertible sheaves on \(X\) such that an isomorphism \(M_1\otimes M_2\cong K_X^{-1}\) is fixed. An ADHM sheaf \(\mathcal{E}\) on \(X\) consists of the data \((E,\Phi_1,\Phi_2,\phi,\psi)\), where \(E\) is a coherent sheaf on \(X\) and \(\Phi_i: E\otimes M_i\rightarrow E\), \(\phi: E\otimes M_1\otimes M_2\rightarrow \mathcal{O}_X\) and \(\psi: \mathcal{O}_X \rightarrow E\) are morphisms satisfying the ADHM relation. The sheaf \(\mathcal{E}\) is locally free if \(E\) is and it is then said to be of type \((r,e)\) if \(E\) has rank \(r\) and degree \(e\). Given a \(\delta\in \mathbb{R}\setminus \left\{ 0 \right\}\), one can define the \(\delta\)-slope of a non-trivial locally free \(\mathcal{E}\) to be \(\mu_\delta(\mathcal{E})=\mu(\mathcal{E})+\frac{\delta}{r}\). This can be used to establish the notion of \(\delta\)-semistability of such sheaves. Thus, one gets a stability condition depending on a real parameter and the main goal of the paper under review is to construct a chamber structure in the ADHM theory of curves. Section 2 presents the above notion of \(\delta\)-stability and establishes some results about semistable ADHM sheaves. Section 3 reformulates \(\delta\)-stability as a slope stability condition in an abelian subcategory of quiver sheaves. The latter objects are defined by the same data as ADHM sheaves except that one replaces \(\mathcal{O}_X\) in the above definition by an arbitrary coherent sheaf \(E_\infty\). Section 4 contains a detailed analysis of variations of the stability parameter \(\delta\). Roughly speaking, for fixed \((r,e)\) (from here on, \(r\geq 1\)) there are only finitely many critical values \(\delta_i\) dividing the positive real axis (by Lemma 2.3 one can restrict to positive stability parameters) into finitely many chambers. The set of stable ADHM-sheaves is constant in every chamber and strictly semistable ADHM sheaves can appear only for the critical values. Furthermore, the author studies the wall-crossing behaviour of \(\delta\)-stable sheaves when \(\delta\) specializes to a critical value. The next section is concerned with the moduli problem for \(\delta\)-semistable ADHM sheaves. In particular, it is proved that the groupoid of \(\delta\)-semistable sheaves of type \((r,e)\) is an Artin stack of finite type over \(\mathbb{C}\). If \(\delta\) is non-critical, then the moduli stack is isomorphic to a quasi-projective scheme over \(\mathbb{C}\). Furthermore, there is a natural action of the torus \(T=\mathbb{C}^*\times\mathbb{C}^*\) with coordinates \((t_1,t_2)\) on the moduli space of \(\delta\)-stable sheaves, defined by multiplying \(\Phi_i\) with \(t_i\) and \(\phi\) with \(t_1t_2\). The torus \(S=\mathbb{C}^*\) also acts via the antidiagonal torus embedding and there exists a torus (for \(S\) and \(T\)) equivariant perfect obstruction theory for noncritical values of the stability parameter. Section 6 establishes that the fixed loci under the actions of \(S\) and \(T\) are projective schemes over \(\mathbb{C}\). One then gets virtual fundamental cycles and counting invariants, called ADHM invariants, for this moduli problem. In Section 7 the author proves that the deformation results obtained by \textit{D. Joyce} and \textit{Y. Song} [Mem. Am. Math. Soc. 1020, iii-v, 199 p. (2012; Zbl 1259.14054)] for coherent sheaves on Calabi--Yau threefolds also hold for locally free ADHM sheaves on curves. Moreover, the Behrend function identities proved [loc. cit.] hold with appropriate modifications in the ADHM case. Hence, the main results of the above reference apply to the ADHM case and explicit wall-crossing formulas for the ADHM invariants are given in the sequel to this paper [\textit{W.-Y. Chuang}, \textit{G. Pan} and the author, J. Geom. Phys. 62, No. 2, 548--561 (2012; Zbl 1238.14041)].