An asymptotic formula for the primitive of Hardy's function (Q2431089)

The author continues his work [``Atkinson's formula for Hardy's function'', J. Number Theory 129, No. 11, 2853--2878 (2009; Zbl 1232.11083)] on Hardy's function \[ Z(t) := \zeta(\tfrac12+it)\chi^{-1/2}(\tfrac12+it), \quad \zeta(s)= \chi(s)\zeta(1-s), \] where \(\zeta(s) = \sum_{n=1}^\infty n^{-s}\;(\text{Re}\, s >1)\) is the familiar Riemann zeta-function. A precise asymptotic formula for \(F(T) :=\int_0^T Z(t)\,dt\), the primitive of Hardy's function, is derived. This sharpens the author's earlier work (loc. cit.) and the work of \textit{M. A. Korolev} [Dokl. Math. 75, No. 2, 295--298 (2007; Zbl 1162.11045)], and [``On the integral of Hardy's function \(Z(t)\)'', Izv. Math. 72, No. 3, 429--478 (2008; Zbl 1239.11091)]. The new formula for \(F(T)\) has the error term \(O(T^{1/6}\log T)\), while from the works of Korolev and Jutila it is known that the true order of \(F(T)\) is \(T^{1/4}\). The starting point of the proof is the author's Atkinson-type formula for \(Z(T)\) (loc. cit.). For the simplification of the ensuing trigonometric factors the inversion formula \[ \sin(Ay^3+By+C) = 2\pi\int_{-\infty}^\infty\beta(u)\sin\{(B+2\pi u)y+C\}\,du \quad(A,B,C\in \mathbb R) \] is used, where \(\beta(u) = {1\over\pi}\int_0^\infty \cos(Ay^3-2\pi uy)\,dy\) is the Airy function with \(A>0\). A similar approach was used by the author [Ark. Mat. 31, No. 1, 61--70 (1993; Zbl 0785.11045)] in his work on the connection between the divisor problem and the mean square of \(|\zeta({1\over2}+it)|\). In the present paper special attention is paid by the author to the ``critical'' cases when the fractional part of \(\sqrt{T/(2\pi)}\) is close to 1/4 or 3/4.