Viscosity and scale invariance in the unitary Fermi gas (Q2431332)

The main question discussed in the paper is where the minimum of the viscosity to entropy density ratio appears for the non-relativistic unitary gas and what the associated value of the viscosity and entropy is. First, it is defined the microscopic model for unitary gas and discussed its scale invariance. Then, the basic correlation functions that allow one to calculate the shear viscosity from first principles via a Kondo formula are found together with a discussion of hydrodynamic relations and sum rules. A qualitative consideration of the temperature dependence of the shear viscosity in the classical and in the deep superfluid limits is fulfilled as well as near the superfluid transition temperature. Further, the transport integral equations and their solution within a self-consistent Luttinger-Ward formalism are derived. The real part of the frequency-dependent viscosity (FDV) is determined from a diagrammatic method that evaluates the stress tensor correlation function in the exact Kubo formula. Within a conserving approximation that respects all symmetries and the associated conservation laws, it is obtained the FVD in the normal phase. The obtained results for the FDV show a Drude-like transport peak around the frequency zero. Near the transition temperature to the superfluid phase of the unitary gas, the obtained width clearly invalidates a quasiparticle description of the viscous transport in this regime. The weight of the Drude peak is equal to the pressure at all temperatures consistent with a sum rule derived by Taylor and Randeria. For large frequencies is stated a crossover from the Drude peak to an inverse square root tail FDV whose amplitude is proportional to the Tan contact density. In the high-temperature limit the authors compliment their numerical solution of the transport integral equations by an analytical solution to leading order in the fugacity. They confirm that (i) the Kubo formula yields exactly the same expression as the Boltzmann equation in this limit, and (ii) the vertex corrections, in particular the Aslamazov-Larkin contributions, are crucial even in the classical limit and increase the scattering time by a factor of almost three. Finally, the authors derive Ward identities associated with the scale invariance of the unitary gas and show that they are obeyed within their approximation for the bulk viscosity vertices at all frequencies and temperatures. It is shown that the minimum in the viscosity to entropy density ratio for the non-relativistic unitary gas is about a factor of seven above the Kovtun-Son-Starinets bound, rather close to the value for the relativistic quark-gluon plasma.