Hardy spaces associated with different homogeneities and boundedness of composition operators (Q2436053)

The space under consideration is \(\mathbb R^n=\mathbb R^{n-1}\times\mathbb R\) with \(x=(x',x_n)\) where \(x'\in\mathbb R^{n-1}\) and \(x_n\in\mathbb R\). Two kinds of homogeneities are considered: one is the usual isotoropic one, and the other is one of nonisotropic type \((x',x_n)\to (\delta x', \delta^2 x_n)\). The metrics are the usual euclidean metric and nonisotropic metric \(|x|_h:=(|x'|^2+|x_n|)^{1/2}\). The authors consider two kinds of Calderón-Zygmund operators \(T_1\) and \(T_2\) associated with the usual isotropic homogeneity and the nonisotropic homogeneity, respectively. It is known that \(T_1\) and \(T_2\) are bounded on \(L^p(\mathbb R^n)\) \((1<p<\infty)\), and that they are bounded on the usual Hardy space \(H^p(\mathbb R^n)\) and the nonisotropic Hardy space \(H_h^p(\mathbb R^n)\) \((0<p\leq1)\), respectively. However, the composition operator \(T_1\circ T_2\) is not bounded on \(H^p(\mathbb R^n)\) nor \(H_h^p(\mathbb R^n)\). Using two good functions \(\psi^{(1)}, \psi^{(2)}\) characterizing \(H^p(\mathbb R^n)\) and \(H_h^p(\mathbb R^n)\), they construct a discrete Littlewood-Paley-Stein square function. Using this, they define the Hardy space \(H_{\text{comp}}^p(\mathbb R^n)\) associated with two different homogeneities. They show that the composition operator \(T_1\circ T_2\) is bounded on \(H_{\text{comp}}^p(\mathbb R^n)\). Also, they show, without using Journé's coverring lemma, that for \(0<p\leq1\) it holds \(\|f\|_{L^p(\mathbb R^n))}\leq C\|f\|_{H_{\text{comp}}^p(\mathbb R^n)}\) for \(f\in L^2(\mathbb R^n)\cap H_{\text{comp}}^p(\mathbb R^n)\) and hence they prove that \(T_1\circ T_2\) is bounded from \(H_{\text{comp}}^p(\mathbb R^n)\) to \(L^p(\mathbb R^n)\). They give a Calderón-Zygmund decomposition for \(H_{\text{comp}}^p(\mathbb R^n)\), and an interpolation theorem on \(H_{\text{comp}}^p(\mathbb R^n)\). They comment that these results hold also in the cases of more general nonisotropic homogeneities.