Rough solutions of the fifth-order KdV equations (Q2440968)

The authors consider the fifth-order KdV problem \(\partial _{t}u+\partial _{x}^{5}u+c_{1}\partial _{x}u\partial _{x}^{2}u+c_{2}u\partial _{x}^{3}u=0\), \((x,t)\in \mathbb{R}\times \mathbb{R}\), with the initial condition \( u(0,x)=u_{0}(x)\in H^{s}(\mathbb{R})\). Here \(c_{1},c_{2}\) are complex valued. The main result proves that if \(\left\| u_{0}\right\| _{H^{s}}\leq R\), for \(s\geq 5/4\), there exists a time \(T=T(R)>0\) and a unique solution \(u=S_{T}^{\infty }(u_{0})\in C([-T,T],H^{\infty })\) to the above problem. Moreover, this solution satisfies the local a priori bound \[ \sup_{t\leq T}\left\| S_{T}^{\infty }(u_{0})\right\| _{H^{s}}\leq C(T,s,\left\| u_{0}\right\| _{H^{s}}). \] Assuming now that \(s\geq 2\), the map \(S_{T}^{\infty }:\{f\in H^{\infty }:\left\| f\right\| _{H^{s}}\leq R\}\rightarrow C([-T,T],H^{\infty })\) is proved to extend uniquely to a continuous map \[ S_{T}:\{f\in H^{s}:\left\| f\right\| _{H^{s}}\leq R\}\rightarrow C([-T,T],H^{s}), \] leading to a well-posedness property of the above problem. For the proof of this main result, the authors introduce the functional space \(X^{s,b}\) associated to the fifth-order KdV equation and whose norm is given as \[ \left\| u\right\| _{X^{s,b}}=\left\| \left\langle \tau -w(\xi )\right\rangle ^{b}\left\langle \xi \right\rangle ^{s}\mathcal{F}(u)\right\| _{L^{2}( \mathbb{R}^{2})} \] where \(\mathcal{F}\) is the Fourier transform with respect to both variables \(x\) and \(t\), \(\left\langle \cdot \right\rangle =1+\left| \cdot \right| \) and \(w(\xi )=-\xi ^{5}\). Such spaces have already been considered and the authors recall their properties for frequency localized functions. In the first part of their paper, they prove some properties of such spaces on dyadic intervals. They then prove energy estimates for integrals of the kind \(\int_{\mathbb{R}\times [ 0,T]}u_{1}u_{2}u_{3}dxdt\) where the functions \(u_{i}\) belong to \(L^{2}( \mathbb{R}^{2})\) and are supported by dyadic intervals associated to some \( k_{i}\) satisfying different hypotheses and \(T\in (0,1]\). They also prove energy estimates for integrals involving the solution of \(\partial _{t}u+\partial _{x}^{5}u=v\) in \(\mathbb{R}\times (-T,T)\), with the initial condition \(u(0,x)=u_{0}(x)\), and the operator \(\widetilde{P}_{k}\) on \(L^{2}( \mathbb{R})\) defined by the Fourier multiplier \(\chi _{k}(\xi )=\eta _{0}(\xi /2^{k})-\eta _{0}(\xi /2^{k-1})\) for a smooth cut-off function \( \eta _{0}\). This leads to a Littlewood-Paley decomposition. Then the authors quote ideas from the papers by \textit{Z. Guo} et al. [Adv. Math. 228, No. 2, 647--677 (2011; Zbl 1234.35072)] and by \textit{A. D. Ionescu} et al. [Invent. Math. 173, No. 2, 265--304 (2008; Zbl 1188.35163)] in order to prove this main result. As a consequence of this main result, the authors prove that the initial value problem for the fifth-order equation of the KdV hierarchy \( \partial _{t}u-\partial _{x}^{5}u-30u^{2}\partial _{x}u+20\partial _{x}u\partial _{x}^{2}u+10u\partial _{x}^{3}u=0\) is globally well-posed in \( H^{2}(\mathbb{R})\).