The Alexandrov-Toponogov comparison theorem for radial curvature (Q2444971)

Let \(\left\langle \mathcal{M},g\right\rangle \) be a complete Riemannian manifold (\(\dim \left( \mathcal{M}\right) \geq 2\)) with sectional curvature satisfying \(K_{\sigma }\geq \kappa \geq 0\). Then, Toponogov's angle comparison theorem states that for every geodesic triangle \(\mathcal{T}=OBC\) there is its isometric copy \(\widetilde{\mathcal{T}}=\widetilde{O}\widetilde{ B}\widetilde{C}\) in the \(\kappa \)-plane such that \(\measuredangle OBC\geq \measuredangle \widetilde{O}\widetilde{B}\widetilde{C}\), \(\measuredangle BOC\geq \measuredangle \widetilde{B}\widetilde{O}\widetilde{C}\) and \( \measuredangle OCB\geq \measuredangle \widetilde{O}\widetilde{C}\widetilde{B} \). The authors present an analogue of Toponogov's angle comparison theorem (subject to an extra condition on the cut loci of the model surface) where instead of an isometric copy of \(\mathcal{T}\) in the \(\kappa \)-plane, an isometric copy on a surface of revolution is considered, and all radial sectional curvatures of \(\left\langle \mathcal{M},g\right\rangle \) are assumed to be bounded below by the corresponding curvatures of the model surface of revolution.