Groupoids and Faà di Bruno formulae for Green functions in bialgebras of trees. (Q2445963)

Suijlekom introduced a Hopf subalgebra of the Hopf algebra of Feynman graphs, isomorphic to the Faà di Bruno Hopf algebra of formal diffeomorphisms, with the help of symmetry factors. There is no equivalent result in the Connes-Kreimer Hopf algebra of rooted trees, as there is no suitable link between symmetry factors and the coproduct in this case. Suijlekom's subalgebra is here defined on the Hopf algebra of operadic trees. Namely, putting: \[ G=\sum\frac{T}{|\Aut(T)|}=\sum_{n=1}^\infty g_n, \] it is proved that \[ \Delta(G)=\sum_{n=1}^\infty G^n\otimes g_n. \] The proof uses groupoids and polynomial functors. As a corollary, similar results are obtained for other families of trees, such as naked, cyclic, planar binary, trivial trees, or trees of graphs.