Torus fibrations and localization of index. II. Local index for acyclic compatible system (Q2447574)

This article is the second in a series of three, in which the authors develop an index theory on noncompact manifolds. It is aimed at applications to symplectic geometry, mainly geometric quantisation and integrable systems. In the first article in the series [\textit{H. Fujita} et al., J. Math. Sci., Tokyo 17, No. 1, 1--26 (2010; Zbl 1248.53075)], this index theory is developed for manifolds that have the structure of a global torus bundle outside a compact subset. In the present article, such a bundle structure is only assumed to exist locally. In the third article [Commun. Math. Phys. 327, No. 3, 665--689 (2014; Zbl 1396.58018)], an equivariant version of the index theory is developed, and applied to prove Guillemin and Sternbergs ``quantisation commutes with reduction'' conjecture, for torus actions on compact manifolds. The basis of the index theory developed is Gromov and Lawson's Fredholm criterion for Dirac operators on noncompact manifolds [\textit{M. Gromov} and \textit{H. B. Lawson jun.}, Publ. Math., Inst. Hautes Étud. Sci. 58, 83--196 (1983; Zbl 0538.53047)], which was generalised to arbitrary first order elliptic operators by \textit{N. Anghel} [Houston J. Math. 19, No. 2, 223--237 (1993; Zbl 0790.58040)]. This is a positivity condition outside a compact subset. The authors construct explicit deformations of Dirac operators such that this criterion is satisfied. These deformations are reminiscent of Witten-type deformations, although the deformation term is first order rather than zero\(^{\text{th}}\) order. The index constructed has useful properties, such as the localisation and product formulas proved in this paper. The authors state several sets of conditions under which their constructions apply, from very general and elaborate to more and more specific situations. A central role is played by \textit{acyclic compatible systems} of Dirac operators on compatible fibrations. Part of the acyclicity condition is that the Dirac operators in question have trivial kernels on the fibres of the bundles on which they are defined. The authors show that for prequantisable Hamiltonian torus actions on compact manifolds, there is such an acyclic compatible system under a condition on restrictions of the prequantum line bundle to certain orbits. In the last section, the authors prove that the Riemann-Roch number (i.e. the dimension of the quantisation) of a prequantisable, compact, four-dimensional, locally toric Lagrangian fibration equals the number of singular and non-singular Bohr-Sommerfeld fibres. The arguments involve explicit local computations of the indices defined, which also serve as illustrations of the theory. At first sight, the most general set of conditions for all constructions to apply looks difficult to check. But the applications of the theory to geometric quantisation and integrable systems show that it is a powerful tool and a promising development.