Twisted cyclic cohomology and modular Fredholm modules (Q2447820)

For a unital algebra \(\mathcal{A}\) and its \(C^*\)-algebra closure, the Connes-Chern character \[ Ch: K^*(A)\rightarrow HP^*(\mathcal{A}) \] from \(K\)-homology of \(A\) to the cyclic cohomology of \(\mathcal{A}\) is a natural generalisation of the usual Chern character map in the commutative setting, where \(A=C(X)\) and \(\mathcal{A}=C^{\infty}(X)\) for some compact manifold \(X.\) In [Commun. Math. Phys. 114, No. 3, 515--526 (1988; Zbl 0664.46067)], \textit{A. Connes} and \textit{J. Cuntz} showed that a class of examples of cyclic cocycles can be obtained by considering the operator trace of some ideals \(J^n\) of the free product \(\mathcal{A}*\mathcal{A}\). Moreover, such cyclic cocycles are the Connes-Chern characters of some semifinite Fredholm module, as a representative for an element in the \(K\)-homology. Here \(J^n\) is the ideal of \(\mathcal{A}*\mathcal{A}\) generated by \(a_0q(a_1)\cdots q(a_m)\) and \(q(a_0)\cdots q(a_m)\) for \(a_i\in\mathcal{A}\), \(m\geq n\), where \(q(a)=\iota(a)-\bar\iota(a)\) and \(\iota, \bar\iota\) are the two canonical inclusions of \(\mathcal{A}\) into \(\mathcal{A}*\mathcal{A}\). This paper considers a twisted version of the results of Connes-Cuntz. First, for an automorphism \(\sigma\) of \(\mathcal{A}\), one can construct a \(\sigma\)-twisted cyclic \(n\)-cocycle \(\tau: \mathcal{A}^{n+1}\rightarrow\mathbb{C}\) from a \(\sigma\)-twisted trace \(T\): \[ \tau(a_0, a_1, \dots, a_n)=T(q(a_0)\cdots q(a_n)) \text{ for all }a_i\in\mathcal{A}. \] Here, the linear functional \(T: J^n\rightarrow\mathbb{C}\) is a twisted trace defined by the following condition: \[ T(xy)=T(\sigma(y)x)\text{ for all }x\in J^k,\;y\in J^{n-k}. \] In particular, a lower semicontinuous, semifinite weight \(\phi\) on \(J^n\), satisfying \[ \phi(xx^*)=0\Leftrightarrow\phi(x^*x)=0,\;x\in A, \] and the \(KMS_{\beta}\) condition gives rise to a \(\sigma\)-twisted trace. Secondly, for such a twisted trace \(\phi\) and \(n=2p\), the authors construct explicitly a modular Fredholm module \((\mathcal{A}, \mathcal{H}, F)\) subject to a von Neumann algebra \(\mathcal{N}\) acting on the Hilbert space \(\mathcal{H}\) and a faithful normal semifinite trace \(\Phi\) on \(\mathcal{N}\), such that its Connes-Chern character \[ Ch_n(\mathcal{A}, \mathcal{H}, F)=c_n\frac12\Phi(\gamma F[F, a_0]\cdots[F, a_n]),\;a_i\in\mathcal{A}, \] is given by \[ Ch_n(\mathcal{A}, \mathcal{H}, F)=c_n(-1)^p\phi(q(a_0)\cdots q(a_{2p})),\;a_i\in\mathcal{A}. \] This is the main result of the paper. The case of \(n\) being odd and the pairing of a modular Fredholm module with \(K\)-theory are discussed accordingly. Finally, the authors present two concrete examples of modular Fredholm operators: Podleś spheres and the quantum group \(SU_q(2)\). The pairing of these modular Fredholm modules with \(K\)-theory gives rise to correct classical dimensions.