Lie algebras with a set grading (Q2451659)

As it is well-known, set gradings on Lie algebras were first considered in the literature by \textit{J. Patera} and \textit{H. Zassenhaus} [Linear Algebra Appl. 112, 87--159 (1989; Zbl 0675.17001)] under the restriction that the set \(I\) agrees with the support of the grading. In their work they call those gradings \textit{Lie gradings}. At this respect, the interest in group gradings on Lie algebras has been remarkable in the last years, motivated in part by their application in several disciplines, such as Physics, Geometry and Topology for instance, where they appear as the natural framework for an algebraic model. However, gradings by means of an arbitrary set, not necessarily a group, have been considered in the literature just in a lightly way. In this paper, the author studies Lie algebras \(\mathfrak{g}\) of arbitrary dimension and over an arbitrary base field \(K\) graded by means of an arbitrary set \(I\) (set grading), by focusing on its structure. The author improves the connection techniques on the support of a grading developed for himself in 2009 for group-graded Lie algebras and later extended by a colleague and himself to group-graded Lie superalgebras and group-graded Leibniz algebras, so as to get a tool for the study of set gradings. By making use of these techniques, he shows that any Lie algebra \(\mathfrak{g}\) with a set grading decomposes as the sum of well-described graded ideals (minimal graded ideals, each one being a simple set-graded Lie algebra) plus, maybe, a certain linear subspace.