Stability estimates for the lowest eigenvalue of a Schrödinger operator (Q2453446)

The authors consider the Schrödinger operator \(-\Delta+V\) in \(L^2({\mathbb R}^d)\). Let \[ \lambda(V) = \inf\left\{ \int_{{\mathbb R}^d} \left( |\nabla\psi|^2 + V|\psi|^2 \right) \,dx :\;\psi\in H^1({\mathbb R}^d)\,, \|\psi\|_2=1 \right\}. \, \] It is well known that \[ \lambda(V)\geq -C\left(\int\limits_{{\mathbb R}^d}V_-^{\gamma+d/2}dx\right)^{1/\gamma}, \tag{LV} \] where \(V_-\) is the negative part of \(V\). Denote by \(\mathcal C_{\gamma,d}\) the sharp constant in the inequalty ({LV}). The authors prove the existence and uniqueness (up to translations and dilations) of an optimizer of ({LV}). Let \(\mathcal M\) be the set of all optimizing potentials \(W\). The main results of the paper under review are the following stability estimates. Let \(\gamma> 1/2\) if \(d=1\) and \(\gamma>0\) if \(d\geq 2\). Then: [(i)] For \(\gamma + d/2 \leq 2\), there is a constant \(c_{\gamma,d}>0\) such that for any \(V\in L^{\gamma+d/2}({\mathbb R}^d)\), \[ \frac{|\lambda(V)|}{\left(\int\limits_{{\mathbb R}^d} V_-^{\gamma+d/2} \,dx\right)^{1/\gamma}} \leq \mathcal C_{\gamma,d} \left( 1 - c_{\gamma,d} \inf_{W\in\mathcal M} \frac{\|V_--W_-\|_{\gamma+d/2}^2}{\|V_-\|_{\gamma+d/2}^2} \right) \,.\tag{main1} \] [(ii)] For \(\gamma + d/2 \geq 2\), there is a constant \(c_{\gamma,d}>0\) such that for any \(V\in L^{\gamma+d/2}({\mathbb R}^d)\), \[ \frac{|\lambda(V)|}{\left(\int\limits_{{\mathbb R}^d} V_-^{\gamma+d/2} \,dx\right)^{1/\gamma}} \leq \mathcal C_{\gamma,d} \left( 1 - c_{\gamma,d} \inf_{W\in\mathcal M} \frac{ \left\|V_-^{2/(q-2)}-W_-^{2/(q-2)}\right\|^2_{q/2}}{\left\|V_-^{2/(q-2)}\right\|_{q/2}^2 } \right) \,,\tag{main2} \] where \(\frac{1}{\gamma+d/2} + \frac 2q = 1\). The authors also prove a new stability estimate for Hölder's inequality. Let \(p\geq 2\) and \(D_p(f)(x) = \|f\|^{1-p}_p |f|^{p-2}(x)\overline{f(x)}\), then for \(\|f\|_p=\|g\|_{p'}=1\) \[ \left|\int\limits_X fg d\mu\right| \leq 1-\frac{p'-1}{4}\|D_p(f)-e^{i\theta}g\|_{p'}^2, \] \[ \left|\int\limits_X fg d\mu\right| \leq 1-\frac{1}{p2^{p-1}}\|e^{i\theta}f-D_{p'}(g)\|_{p}^p, \] where \(\theta\in[0,2\pi]\) is such that \(\int\limits_X fgd\mu > 0\).