Integrability of the Hide-Skeldon-Acheson dynamo (Q2453521)

The authors consider the Hide-Skeldon-Acheson dynamo model (HSA dynamo). \[ \dot{x} =x(y-1), \quad \dot{y} = \alpha(1-x^2) - \kappa y, \quad \dot{z} = x - \lambda z, \eqno{(1)} \] where \(\alpha, \beta, \kappa, \lambda\) are parameters. One of the main results of the work is the following: {Theorem 1.} Assume that \(\alpha \neq 0 \) and define the following functions \[ \begin{aligned} \mathcal{F}_1 &= \alpha \ln x -\alpha x^2/3 - y^2/2 + y;\\ \mathcal{F}_2 &= zv(x) -\int v(x)w(x)dx ; \\ \mathcal{F}_3 &= \kappa \left[\log\frac{2\left(\kappa + y - 1 + \mathcal{T}\right)}{-x}\right] - \mathcal{T};\\ \mathcal{F}_4 &= \frac{y+ \kappa -1 -x \sqrt{\kappa}\sqrt{\kappa - 1}}{y+ \kappa -1 +x \sqrt{\kappa}\sqrt{\kappa - 1}} \exp\{2z\sqrt{\kappa}\sqrt{\kappa - 1}\}; \end{aligned} \] where \[ \begin{aligned} & w(x) = \left[1-2\left(\mathcal{F}_3 + \alpha \frac{x^2}{2} - \alpha \ln x \right)\right]^{-1/2},\quad v(x) = \exp\left[\lambda\int xw(x)dx\right],\\ & \mathcal{T} = \sqrt{-\kappa^2(x^2-1) + (y-1)^2 + \kappa(x^2 + 2y - 2)}.\end{aligned} \] Then, the HSA dynamo (1) admits the following first integral: if \(\beta = \kappa = 0\) and \(\lambda \in \mathbb{R}\), then \(\mathcal{F}_1\) and \(\mathcal{F}_2\) are first integrals; if \(\beta = 0\), \(\alpha = - \kappa(\kappa -1)\) and \(\kappa \neq 0\), then \(\mathcal{F}_3\) is a first integral. Additionally, if \(\lambda = 0\) then \(\mathcal{F}_4\) is also a first integral. As a consequence, the authors prove that for \(\alpha, \beta, \kappa \neq 0\) the HSA dynamo (1) does not admit a polynomial, rational or Darboux first integral.