Three-manifolds with Heegaard genus at most two represented by crystallisations with at most 42 vertices (Q2455582)

The combinatorial representation method for general PL \(n\)-manifolds called crystallization theory is well-known: see, for example, [\textit{M. Ferri, C. Gagliardi} and \textit{L. Grasselli}, Aequationes Math. 31, 121--141 (1986; Zbl 0623.57012)], [\textit{M. R. Casali}, Rend. Circ. Mat. Palermo, 49, 61--82 (1997; Zbl 0894.57018)] and [\textit{M. R. Casali, P. Bardieri} and \textit{C. Gagliardi}, Atti Semin. Mat. Fis. Univ. Modena 49, 283--337 (2001; Zbl 1420.57066)], together with their references. Within this theory, \textit{M. R. Casali} and \textit{L. Grasselli} [Discrete Math. 87, No. 1, 9--22 (1991; Zbl 0716.57001)] proved that every 3-manifold of genus two can be described by a 6-tuple of non-negative integers \((h_0,h_1,h_2; q_0,q_1,q_2)\) satisfying simple conditions, encoding a so called \textit{2-symmetric crystallization} of genus two. The present paper takes into account the set of 6-tuples representing manifolds so that \(\sum_{i=1}^2 h_i \leq 21\) (or, equivalently, so that the corresponding 2-symmetric crystallization is a 4-coloured graph with order \(\leq 42\)). A detailed analysis of the associated fundamental and homology groups enables to detect -- with the above restrictions -- exactly 78 isomorphism classes of fundamental groups of prime genus two 3-manifolds; moreover, as a consequence of Thurston's symmetry theorem [\textit{W. P. Thurston}, Three-dimensional geometry and topology. Vol. 1. Ed. by Silvio Levy. Princeton Mathematical Series. 35. (Princeton), NJ: Princeton University Press. (1997; Zbl 0873.57001)], a one-to-one correspondence is proved to exist between these isomorphism classes of fundamental groups and the homeomorphism classes of the represented 3-manifolds. Note that the present paper improves previous work by \textit{P. Bandieri, C. Gagliardi} and \textit{L. Ricci} [Acta Appl. Math. 86, No. 3, 267--283 (2005; Zbl 1071.57018)]; on the other hand, the authors point out that S.Matveev and his research group have independently obtained a wider tabulation of 6-tuples associated to genus two 3-manifolds.