Multiplicity positive solutions to periodic problems for first-order impulsive differential equations (Q2458514)

The authors consider the impulsive boundary value problem with periodic boundary condition \[ \begin{aligned} &x' + a(t)x = f(t,x)\quad \text{ for each } t \in J,\;t\not=t_k, \\ &\Delta x | _{t=t_k} = I_k(x(t_k)),\quad k = 1,\ldots,p,\\ &x(0) = x(T), \end{aligned} \] where \(J = [0,T]\) and \(0 < t_1 < \cdots < t_p < T\), \(I_k\) are continuous, \(f\) is continuous on \([0,T]\times R\). Here, theorems guaranteeing the existence of at least one positive (resp. negative) solution, the existence of two positive (negative) solutions and \(n\)-multiple positive solutions are presented. The proof of the existence theorem are based on Krasnoselskii's fixed-point theorem. These results are applied to singular problems (with \(f\) defined on \([0,T]\times (0,\infty)\), \(f(t,x)\) tends to \(+\infty\) or \(-\infty\) if \(x \to 0^+\)). Sufficient conditions ensuring the existence of at least one positive solution for such problem are derived. Examples illustrating the application of these results are presented.