An inequality for the Perron and Floquet eigenvalues of monotone differential systems and age structured equations (Q2464271)

Consider a \(T\)-periodic linear system \[ \dot{x}=A(t)x, \] where the entries of the matrix \(A(t)\) are nonnegative. The first Floquet eigenvalue, \(\lambda_{\text{per}}\), is the maximal number \(\lambda\) for which the system \[ \dot{x}=A(t)x-\lambda x \] has a nontrivial \(T\)-periodic solution with nonnegative elements. The authors estimate the value \(\lambda_{\text{per}}\) using averages of entries of the matrix \(A(t)\). As an application, they consider a system arising in population dynamics.