Sharp bounds for eigenvalues of triangles (Q2469304)

This paper deals with upper and lower bounds for eigenvalues of the fixed membrane problem for triangles. The following theorem is proven. Theorem: Let \(T\) be a triangle in a plane with area \(A\) and perimeter \(L\). Then the first eigenvalue \(\lambda_T \) of the Dirichlet Laplacian on \(T\) satisfies \[ \frac{\pi^2L^2}{16A^2}<\lambda_T \leq \frac{\pi^2L^2}{9A^2}. \] Equality in the upper bound holds only for the equilateral triangle and in the lower bound equality holds asymptotically. The proof based on the variational characterization by the Rayleigh quotient and used symbolically calculations with Mathematica.