Sums of characteristic values of compact polynomial operator pencils (Q2473993)

The author considers an operator pencil of the form \[ P(\lambda)=\sum_{k = 0}^{m}\lambda^{m - k} A_{k},\quad A_{0} = I, \] where \(A_{k}\) \((k = 1,\dots ,n)\) are linear compact operators in a separable Hilbert space \(\mathcal{H}\). Denote by \(\lambda_{k},\) \(k = 1,2,\dots,\) the characteristic values of \(P (\lambda)\) enumerated according to their algebraic multiplicities and that \(| \lambda_{k + 1} | \leq | \lambda_{k} |\) for all \(k\). Let \(C_{0}\) be a compact operator in \(\mathcal{H}\) having a left inverse \(C_{0}^{[-]}\) such that \(M_{k} : = A_{k} (C_{0}^{[-]})^{k - 1}\) \((k = 2,\dots ,m)\) are compact operators on the space \(\mathcal{H}\). Denoting \[ \Theta:=\biggl[A_{1}A_{1}^{*}+\sum_{k=2}^{m}M_{k}M_{k}^{*}\biggl]^{\frac{1}{2}}\;\text{ and }\;\tau_{k} : = s_{k} (\Theta) + s_{l + 1} (C_{0}) \] for \(k = l (m - 1) + \nu\) (\(l = 0,1,2,\dots\); \(\nu=1,\dots,m-1\), \(s_{k}(X)\) are the singular numbers of the operator \(X\)), the author proves the following inequalities: \[ \sum_{k = 1}^{j}|\lambda_{k} | \leq \sum_{k = 1}^{j} \tau_{k},\quad j=1,2,\dots. \] In the particular case of \(A_{1}, C_{0}, M_{k} \in S_{2}\), \(k = 2,\dots ,m\), where \(S_{2}\) is the von Neumann-Schatten class of compact operators, there holds \[ N_{2}^{2} (A_{1}) + N_{2}^{2} (C_{0} +N_{2}^{2} (M_{2}) - \sum_{k = 1}^{\infty} | \lambda_{k} |^{2} = 2 N_{2}^{2} (A_{1 I}) + N_{2}^{2} (M_{2} + C_{0}^{*}) - 2 \sum_{k = 1}^{\infty} | \operatorname{Im} \lambda_{k} |^{2}, \] where \(A_{1 I}:=(A_{1} - A_{1}^{*})/2 i\) and \(N_{2}(\cdot)\) designates the norm of \(S_{2}\). Applications of these bounds to differential and difference equations are considered.