On Hopfian and co-Hopfian modules. (Q2474997)

Throughout \(R\) is an associative ring with identity and \(M\) is a left \(R\)-module. Then \(M\) is called Hopfian (resp. co-Hopfian) if any surjective (resp. injective) endomorphism of \(M\) is an isomorphism. Also, \(M\) is called weakly co-Hopfian if every injective endomorphism of \(M\) is essential, i.e. its image is essential in \(M\). For a commuting indeterminate \(x\) over \(R\), set \(M[x]/(x^{n+1})=\{\sum_{i=0}^n m_ix^i+(x^{n+1})\mid m_i\in M\), \(i=0,1,\dots,n\}\). The authors study necessary and sufficient conditions of Hopfian and co-Hopfian modules. They show that the weakly co-Hopfian regular module \(_RR\) is Hopfian and the left \(R\)-module \(M\) is co-Hopfian if and only if the left \(R[x]/(x^{n+1})\)-module \(M[x]/(x^{n+1})\) is co-Hopfian, where \(n\) is a positive integer.