Null structure and almost optimal local regularity for the Dirac-Klein-Gordon system (Q2478603)

The authors treat here the Cauchy problem for the coupled Dirac-Klein-Gordon (DKG) system on \(\mathbb R^{1+3}: (-i\gamma^\mu\partial_\mu+ M)\psi= \phi\psi\), \((\partial^2_t- \Delta+ m^2)\phi= \psi^\dag\gamma^0\gamma\), \(t> 0\). They study local (in time) well-posedness (LWP) for low regularity data. Theorem. DKG in \(1+3\) dimension has LWP for data \((\psi_0,\phi_0,\phi_1)\in H^\varepsilon\times H^{1/2+\varepsilon}\times H^{-1/2+\varepsilon}\) for all \(\varepsilon> 0\). Here \(\| f\|_{H^s}= \|\langle\xi\rangle^s\widehat f(\xi)\|_{L^2(\varepsilon)}\), \(\langle\xi\rangle= 1+|\xi|\). Iteration scheme is used in the proof. Let \(\| u\|_{H^{s,b}}= \|\langle\xi\rangle^s\langle|\tau|- |\xi|\rangle^b\widetilde u(\tau,\xi)\|_{L^2(\tau,\varepsilon)}\), and \(\| f\|_{\dot H^s}= \|\,|\xi|^s\widetilde f(\xi)\|_{L^2(\varepsilon)}\). The proof relies on the null structure of the system, combined with the bilnear space-time estimates: \(\|\,|D|^{-s_3}(u(t) v(t))\|_{L^2(R^{1+3})}\leq C_{s_1,s_2,s_3}\| u_0\|_{\dot H^{s_1}}\cdot\| v_0\|_{\dot H^{s_2}}\), \(D= \nabla/i\), \[ u(t)= \exp(\pm it|D|)u_0\rightleftarrows (C): s_1+ s_2+ s_3= 1,\;s_1,s_2,s_3< 1,\;s_1+ s_2> 1/2. \] That is, they obtain \(H^{s_1,b}\cdot H^{s_2,b}\to H^{-s_3,0}\) for \(b> 1/2\) and for \(s_1,s_2,s_3> 0\) satisfying the condition \((C)\), and prove the estimates of \(\|\langle\beta\Pi_{[\pm]}(D)\psi,\Pi_{\pm}(D)\psi'\rangle\|\) for two norms. \(X\cdot Y\to Z\) means \(\| uv\|_Z\leq C\| u\|_X\cdot\| v\|_Y\) for a constant \(C\).