Beurling's theorem and invariant subspaces for the shift on Hardy spaces (Q2481285)

The celebrated Beurling's theorem states that every nonzero \(z\)-invariant subspace of the Hardy space \(H^2(\mathbb{D})\) is of the form \(uH^2(\mathbb{D})\), where \(u\) is an inner function. Here, \(\mathbb{D}\) denotes the open unit disk in \(\mathbb{C}\) and an inner function is a bounded analytic function on \(\mathbb{D}\) whose nontangential boundary values are of modulus 1 almost everywhere with respect to the Lebesgue measure on \(\partial\mathbb{D}\). The author of this paper wants to find open subsets \(G\) in the complex plane for which Beurling theorem holds for \(H^2(G)\). For this purpose, he introduces perfectly connected domains: these are bounded simply connected domains \(G\) for which the Riemann map from \(G\) to \(\mathbb{D}\) belongs to the weak-star closure of the polynomials in \(H^{\infty}(G)\). In the simplest form, the author proves that if \(G\) is a bounded open set in \(\mathbb{C}\) such that (1) no point of the boundary of \(G\) is removable for \(H^2(G)\), (2) each component of \(G\) is perfectly connected, (3) the harmonic measure of the components of \(G\) are mutually singular and (4) the set of polynomials is weak-star dense in \(H^{\infty}(G)\), then every \(z\)-invariant subspace of \(H^2(G)\) is of the form \(uH^2(G)\), \(u\in H^{\infty}(G)\), and the restriction of \(u\) to each component of \(G\) is either an inner function or zero.