Estimation of the hyperbolic metric by using the punctured plane (Q2481304)

A domain \(\Omega\) in the extended complex plane \(\overline{\mathbb C}\) is called hyperbolic if the boundary \(\partial\Omega\) of \(\Omega\) in \(\overline{\mathbb C}\) contains at least three points. Let \(\rho_{\,\Omega}(z)\) denote the density of the hyperbolic metric for a domain \(\Omega\). It is difficult to find the exact value of \(\rho_{\,\Omega}(z)\) for a specific domain \(\Omega\), except in some particular cases where the covering map can be found. Estimates for the hyperbolic metric are of particular interest because they have applications to distortion, covering, and other properties of holomorphic functions. The simplest way to estimate the hyperbolic density is by using its domain monotonicity. For \(a\), \(b\), \(c\in\overline{\mathbb C}\), denote by \(\lambda_{a,b,c}\) the hyperbolic density for the domain \(\overline{\mathbb C} \setminus \{a, b, c\}\), \(\lambda_{a,b}:=\lambda_{a,b,\infty}\). Define \[ \Sigma_1 = \sup_{\Omega\subset\overline{\mathbb C}} \sup_{z\in\Omega}\frac{\rho_{\,\Omega}(z)}{\sup_{a,b,c\in\partial\Omega}\lambda_{a,b, c}(z)},\quad \Sigma_2 = \sup_{\Omega\subset\mathbb C} \sup_{z\in\Omega}\frac{\rho_{\,\Omega}(z)}{\sup_{a,b\in\partial\Omega}\lambda_{a, b}(z)}. \] The main result of the paper is the following: (a) For every hyperbolic domain \(\Omega\subset\overline{\mathbb C}\) and for every \( z\in\Omega\), \[ \rho_{\,\Omega}(z)\leq 8.27 \sup_{a,b\in\partial\Omega}\lambda_{a, b}(z). \] (b) For the unit disk \(\mathbb D\), \[ \sup_{z\in\mathbb D}\frac{\rho_{\,\mathbb D}(z)}{\sup_{a,b,c\in\partial\,\mathbb D}\lambda_{a,b, c}(z)}=\frac{\sqrt{3}\Gamma(1/3)^6}{2^{8/3}\pi^4}\approx3.252. \] (c) \(3.25\leq\Sigma_1\leq\Sigma_2\leq 8.27\).