Local perturbations of the Schrödinger operator on the axis (Q2486912)

Let \(W_{2,\text{loc}}^j(\mathbb{R})\) be the set of functions defined on the space \(\mathbb{R}\) and such that their restrictions to any bounded set \(D\subset\mathbb{R}\) belong to \(W_2^j(D)\). Let \(\| \cdot\| _G\) and \(\| \cdot\| _{j,G}\) be the corresponding norms in \(L_2(G)\) and \(W_2^j(G)\). Assume that \(Q\) is an arbitrary fixed interval in \(\mathbb{R}\), \(L_2(\mathbb {R},Q)\) is the subset of functions from \(L_2(\mathbb{R})\) whose supports belong to \(\overline Q\), \(\mathcal{L}_\varepsilon\) are linear operators from \(W_{2,\text{loc}}^j(\mathbb{R})\) into \(L_2(\mathbb{R};Q)\) such that \(\| \mathcal{L}_\varepsilon[u]\| _Q\leq C(\mathcal{L})\| u\| _{2,Q}\), where the constant \(C(\mathcal{L})\) is independent of \(\varepsilon\), \(0<\varepsilon\ll 1\), and \(\langle g\rangle=\int_{-\infty}^{\infty}g\,dx\), \(H_0=-\frac{d^2}{dx^2}\), \(H_\varepsilon=-\left(\frac{d^2}{dx^2}+ \varepsilon\mathcal{L}_\varepsilon\right)\). Define the linear operators \(A(k):\;L_2(\mathbb{R};Q)\to W_{2,\text{ loc}}^2(\mathbb{R})\) and \(T_\varepsilon^{(0)}(k):\;L_2(\mathbb{R};Q)\to L_2(\mathbb{R};Q)\) by \[ A(k)g=-\frac{1}{2k}\int_{-\infty}^{\infty}e^{-k| x-t| }g(t)\,dt,\quad T_\varepsilon^{(0)}(k)g=\mathcal{L}_\varepsilon[A(k)g]+\frac {\langle g\rangle}{2k}\mathcal{L}_\varepsilon[1]. \] Let \(\mathcal{B}(X,Y)\) be the Banach space of bounded linear operators from the Banach space \(X\) into the Banach space \(Y\), \(\mathcal{B}(X)= \mathcal{B}(X,X)\), and let \(\mathcal{B}^{\text{ h}}(X,Y)\) and \(\mathcal{B}^{\text{ h}}(X)\) be the corresponding sets of holomorphic operator-valued functions. Let \(S^t\in\mathbb{C}\) be the disk of radius \(t\) centered at zero. In Lemma 1, the author proves that for any \(R>0\), there exists an \(\varepsilon_0(R)>0\) such that for \(\varepsilon<\varepsilon_0(R)\) and \(k\in S^R\), the operator-valued function \(S_\varepsilon(k)=(I+\varepsilon T_\varepsilon^{(0)}(k))^{-1}\) belongs to \(\mathcal{B}^{\text{ h}}(L_2(\mathbb{R}; Q))\), \(S_\varepsilon(k)\to I\) uniformly in \(k\) as \(\varepsilon\to 0\), and the equation \(k-\frac{\varepsilon}{2}\langle S_\varepsilon(k) \mathcal{L}_\varepsilon[1]\rangle=0\) has a unique solution \(k_\varepsilon\in S^R\). An asymptotic formula for \(k_\varepsilon\) is given. Let \(\Sigma(H_\varepsilon)\) denote the set of eigenvalues of the operator \(H_\varepsilon\) and \(\Pi_s(t)=\{k:\;| \Im k| <sC(\mathcal{L}),\;\Re k>t\}\). The main result of the paper is the following theorem: If \(\Re k_\varepsilon\leq 0\), then there exists \(t(\varepsilon)\to\infty,\) as to \(\varepsilon\to 0\), such that \(\Sigma(H_\varepsilon)\subset\Pi_ \varepsilon(t(\varepsilon))\). If, in addition, the operator \(\mathcal{L}_ \varepsilon\) is real (it means that \(\Im\langle\overline g\mathcal{L}_\varepsilon[g]\rangle=0\) for all \(g\in W_{2,\text{loc}}^2(\mathbb{R})\)), then \(\Sigma(H_\varepsilon)\subset (t(\varepsilon),\infty)\). If \(\Re k_\varepsilon> 0\), then there exists \(t(\varepsilon)\to\infty\) as \(\varepsilon\to 0\) such that \(\Sigma(H_\varepsilon)\setminus\Pi_\varepsilon(t(\varepsilon))= \{\lambda_\varepsilon\}\), where \(\lambda_\varepsilon=-k_\varepsilon^2\), and the corresponding unique eigenfunction \(\phi_\varepsilon\) has the form \(\phi_\varepsilon=A(k\varepsilon)S_\varepsilon(k\varepsilon)\mathcal{L}_ \varepsilon[1]\). If, in addition, the operator \(\mathcal{L}_\varepsilon\) is real, then \(\Sigma(H_\varepsilon)\setminus(t(\varepsilon),\infty)= \{\lambda_\varepsilon\}\).