Laplace spectra of orgraphs and their applications (Q2487589)

Let \(G\) be an oriented graph with \(n\) vertices. The authors study the normalized (standardized) Laplace matrix \(\widetilde{L}=(l_{ij})\) with the nondiagonal elements satisfying \(-\frac1n\leq l_{ij}\leq 0\), and present new results on localization of the eigenvalues of \(\widetilde{L}\). They also construct the polygon all of whose points are the eigenvalues of the normalized Laplace matrices of a given order.