Cocommutative Hopf algebras of permutations and trees. (Q2490393)

The paper under review deals with the Hopf algebra of \textit{R. Grossman} and \textit{R. G. Larson} [J. Algebra 126, No. 1, 184--210 (1989; Zbl 0717.16029)], the Malvenuto-Reutenauer Hopf algebra [\textit{C. Malvenuto} and \textit{C. Reutenauer}, J. Algebra 177, No. 3, 967--982 (1995; Zbl 0838.05100)] and the coradical filtration of the Hopf algebra of planar trees of \textit{J.-L. Loday} and \textit{M. O. Ronco} [Adv. Math. 139, No. 2, 293--309 (1998; Zbl 0926.16032)]. The main results of this paper are Theorem 2.5 and Theorem 3.4. In Theorem 2.5, it is shown that the graded dual of the graded Hopf algebra associated to the coradical filtration of the Loday-Ronco Hopf algebra of planar trees is isomorphic to the cocommutative algebra of ordered trees defined by Grossman and Larson. The authors build a bijection between the set of planted trees and the set of irreducible planar binary trees with \(n\) leaves. The main tool is a monomial basis of the Hopf algebra of planar binary trees of Loday-Ronco. The authors notice that this isomorphism can be built for any bijection between the set of planted trees with \(n\) nodes and the set of irreducible planar binary trees with \(n\) leaves. Moreover any degree preserving bijection between the sets of generators determines a unique isomorphism of graded Hopf algebras (Remark 2.8). Theorem 3.4 gives an isomorphism (only in the case of \(\text{char}(k)=0\) where \(k\) is the base field) between the cocommutative Hopf algebra of heap-ordered trees defined by Grossman and Larson and the graded dual of the graded Hopf algebra associated to the coradical filtration of the Hopf algebra of permutations of Malvenuto and Reutenauer. In both cases, explicit isomorphisms are given. Some useful results (Proposition 1.4 and Proposition 1.6) on graded Hopf algebras are given in Section 1, which imply that the Hopf algebras of Grossman and Larson are tensor Hopf algebras (Corollaries 2.7 and 3.6) and that the associated graded Hopf algebras to the Hopf algebras of Loday-Ronco and Malvenuto-Reutenauer are commutative.