On the Bernstein--Bézier form of Jacobi polynomials on a simplex (Q2493080)

Let \(\xi=(\xi_0,\xi_1,\ldots,\xi_n)\) be the barycentric coordinates of a \(d\)-simplex \(T\subset\mathbb R^d\) with volume \(vol_d(T)\) and let \(\Pi_s(\mathbb R^d)\) be the space of all polynomials of degree \(s\leq3\) on \(\mathbb R^d\). The inner product \(\langle\cdot,\cdot\rangle_\nu\), with \(\nu=(\nu_0,\nu_1,\ldots,\nu_d),\;\nu_j>0\) is defined by the rule \[ \langle f,g\rangle_\nu=\frac{\Gamma(| \nu| )}{\Gamma(\nu)}\frac1{d!vol_d(T)}\int\limits_Tfg\xi^{\nu-1} \] where \(\xi^{\nu-1}=\xi_0^{\nu_0-1}\xi_1^{\nu_1-1}\dots\xi_d^{\nu_d-1},\;| \nu| =\sum_j\nu_j\) and \(\Gamma(\nu)=\prod_j\Gamma(\nu_j)\). Every polynomial \(f\in\Pi_n(\mathbb R^d)\) can be represented in the form \[ f=\sum_{| \alpha| =n}c_\alpha(f)B_\alpha,\qquad \alpha=(\alpha_0,\alpha_1,\ldots,\alpha_d)\in\mathbb Z_+^{d+1} \] where \(B_\alpha\) are the Bernstein polynomials of degree \(| \alpha| \) \[ B_\alpha=\frac{| \alpha| !}{\alpha_0!\dots\alpha_d!}\xi^\alpha. \] The Jacobi polynomials of degree \(s\) is defined to be the space \(\mathcal P_s^\nu\) of polynomials \(f\) with \[ \langle f,g\rangle_\nu=0 \] for all \(g\in\Pi_{s-1}(\mathbb R^d)\). The following theorem is proved. \textit{Let \(f=\sum_{| \alpha| =n}c_\alpha(f)B_\alpha\), \(g=\sum_{| \alpha| =n}c_\alpha(g)B_\alpha\) and \(0\leq s\leq n\). If \(f\) or \(g\) belongs to \(\mathcal P_s^\nu\), then we have \[ \langle f,g\rangle_\nu=\frac{(n!)^2}{(n-s)!(| \nu| )_{n+s}}\sum_{| \alpha| =n}\frac {(\nu)_\alpha}{\alpha!}c_\alpha(f)c_\alpha(g) \] where \((\nu)_\alpha:=\prod_j(\nu_j)_{\alpha_j}\), with \((x)_n:=x(x+1)\dots(x+n-1)\) the Pochhammer symbol.} Let \(Q_s\) be the orthogonal projection on the space \(\mathcal P_s^\nu\). The author computes \(Q_s(\xi^\alpha)\) explicitly and shows that the sequence \(\{Q_s(\xi^\alpha)\}_\alpha\) is a tight frame for the space \(\mathcal P_s^\nu\), i.e. \[ f=\sum_\alpha\langle f,Q_s(\xi^\alpha)\rangle_\nu Q_s(\xi^\alpha) \] for all \(f\in\mathcal P_s^\nu\). It is also proved that a polynomial \(f\) belongs to \(\mathcal P_s^\nu\) if and only if the function \( c(f):\alpha\to C_\alpha(f),\quad \alpha\in S_n:=\{\alpha\in\mathbb Z_+^{d+1}:| \alpha| =n\},\quad 0\leq s\leq n\) is a restriction to \(S_n\) for some Hahn polynomial of degree \(s\). The paper is of great interest and presents a new useful approach to multivariate Jacobi polynomials.